Stochastic Biasing and Galaxy-Mass Density Relation in the Weakly Non-linear Regime

It is believed that the biasing of the galaxies plays an important role for understanding the large-scale structure of the universe. In general, the biasing of galaxy formation could be stochastic. Furthermore, the future galaxy survey might allow us to explore the time evolution of the galaxy distribution. In this paper, the analytic study of the galaxy-mass density relation and its time evolution is presented within the framework of the stochastic biasing. In the weakly non-linear regime, we derive a general formula for the galaxy-mass density relation as a conditional mean using the Edgeworth expansion. The resulting expression contains the joint moments of the total mass and galaxy distributions. Using the perturbation theory, we investigate the time evolution of the joint moments and examine the influence of the initial stochasticity on the galaxy-mass density relation. The analysis shows that the galaxy-mass density relation could be well-approximated by the linear relation. Compared with the skewness of the galaxy distribution, we find that the estimation of the higher order moments using the conditional mean could be affected by the stochasticity. Therefore, the galaxy-mass density relation as a conditional mean should be used with a caution as a tool for estimating the skewness and the kurtosis.Comment: 22 pages, 7 Encapusulated Postscript Figures, aastex, The title and the structure of the paper has been changed, Results and conclusions unchanged, Accepted for publication in Ap

Recent Results of psi(2S) Decays at BES

Using 14 million psi(2S) data sample collected with BES at BEPC, psi(2S)-> VT, K_long K_short(also J/psi -> K_long K_short), and chi_cJ -> Baryon anti-Baryon decays are measured and compared with theoretical model predications.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Talk given at X. International Conference On Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON'03),Aschaffenburg, Germany,Aug.31 - Sep.6, 200

The impact of capital market development on economic growth among MENA region countries

Middle East and North African (MENA) region is home to nearly 60% of the 1.4 trillion barrels of proven crude oil reserves and 46% of the 192 trillion standard cubic meters of natural gas reserves (OPEC, 2010). Although the capital market plays an important role in economic development in many countries, (MENA) region the role is not so clear. The region has participated less in the globalization and integration of international capital markets than have Asian and Latin American countries. Capital flows into the MENA region have been small. Countries in the region have had almost no direct access to the capital markets of industrial countries. The region has made only limited use of market-based income-hedging devices (such as product insurance and forward markets) despite its vulnerability to international price developments. Accordingly capital markets in the region are assumed to have not effectively utilized to generate economic growth due to structural and cultural factors albeit their potential prospects. Hence this study analyses and measures the historical impact of capital market development on the economic growth of four leading countries in the MENA region; Egypt and Tunisia (as non-oil driven economies); and Saudi Arabia and Kuwait (as oil exporter economies). In order to achieve the research aim, a quantitative method approach is adopted. Using 13 time periods (years) from 2002 to 2014 as the annual time-series data of the four countries, this study focuses on indicators that reflect the state of development of the capital market. This study used four variables as a General Index proxy for capital market development; (1) market capitalization ratio to GDP, (2) value of shares traded, (3) Number of shares traded, and (4) number of transactions, while gross domestic product (GDP) was used as a proxy for economic growth. In addition, the study used six macroeconomic variables as control variables, including (GDP/capita), saving rate ratio to GDP, investment rate ratio to GDP, interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates. The data of this study were analysed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to examine the capital market development and economic growth relationship for the four countries. Pooled OLS regression analysis was adopted to examine the effects of development of the capital market on the economic growth of the countries as a group. The results of OLS regression indicate that the Egyptian capital market development had significant effects on economic growth, although there were mixed results when different proxies of capital market development indicators were used. In Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait, the level of capital market development had little influence on economic growth, and most of the results were insignificant when different proxies of capital market development indicators were used. However, using the OLS regression analysis model for the four countries combined showed that the development of the capital market had a significant impact on the economic growth of these countries. This study concluded that economic policy options consistent with maximizing economic performance and aiming at elevating economic growth should be developed through the integration of capital markets of the region. Therefore, policy makers should provide incentives to integrate the capital markets and unify economic structures where possible, by diverting funds to investment to further stimulate the growth of their economies. Keywords; Capital market development, Economic growth, Egypt, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, MENA regio

Love Song 14

.wav and .mp3 versions of audio fileA female love song praises her lover's appearance and personality. This song is never sung at public celebratory gatherings, as relatives might be present and it is taboo to sing such songs in the presence of relatives. 这首情歌提到了她的爱人非常的英俊，他有好的性格， 以及赞扬她爱人的好的一面。在村里的庆祝聚会上绝不 会唱这首歌，特别是和亲戚待在一起时这是禁忌的。 ལ་གཞས་འདིས་ཁོ་མོའི་དགའ་རོགས་ཡག་པ་དང་གཤིས་ཀ་འཇམ་པ། ཁོ་མོའི་དགའ་ རོགས་ཀྱི་བཟང་ཆ་ལ་བསྟོད་པ་ཡིན་ནོ། གླུ་འདི་སྡེ་བའི་དགའ་སྟོན་གྱི་སྟེང་དང་ལྷག་པར་ དུ་གཉེན་ཉེས་ཀྱི་མཉམ་དུ་བསྡད་ཡོད་དུས་ལེན་མི་རུང་བ་ཞིག་ཡིན། This collection contains four folk songs and sixteen love songs collected in Dkyil 'khor Bar skor Village, Bis mdo Township, Ya rdzi County, Haidong Region, Qinghai Province, PR China by Lha mo 'tsho in October 2007

སྟག་ཤ་ར་བུ་ཡི་རྒྱན།

.wav audio fileThis song praises the strength and vitality of Tibetan men and is usually sung at celebratory gatherings but is also sung by herders in the pasture to entertain themselves and each other. 这首歌赞扬藏族男人的力量和精神。一般在聚会的时候唱这首歌，但是在草原上的牧民也唱着这首歌娱乐他们的生活。 གླུ་འདིས་བོད་པའི་གསར་བུའི་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་དང་རྣམ་འགྱུར་ལ་བསྟོད་པ་བྱས་ཡོད། སྤྱིར་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དུས་སུ་ལེན་པའི་གླུ་ཞིག་ཡིན་པ་མ་ཟད་ད་དུང་རྩྭ་ཐང་གི་འབྲོག་མིས་ཁོ་ཚོའི་ཕན་ཚུན་བར་གྱི་འཚོ་བའི་སྤྲོ་བ་བསྐྱེད་ཕྱིར་ལེན་པའི་གླུ་ཞིག་ཀྱང་ཡིན། This collection contains one wedding song, three dancing songs, three modern folk songs, and eleven traditional folk songs recorded by 'Brug mo rgyal in the Tibetan village of Zhongku Zhase, Wendu Township, Xunhua County, Qinghai Province, PR China