Clocinnamox antagonism of opioid suppression of schedule-controlled responding in rhesus monkeys

The antagonist effects of clocinnamox were evaluated against opioid agonists, acting at μ, κ and ∂-receptors, in rhesus monkeys ( n =3–4) responding under a fixed-ratio 30 (FR 30) schedule for food delivery. Clocinnamox (0.032–0.1 mg/kg) dose-dependently antagonized fentanyl (0.001–0.32 mg/kg) after either a 3-h or 1-day pretreatment; there was substantial recovery of agonist potency by 1 week after clocinnamox. Etonitazene (0.0001–0.01 mg/kg) was also antagonized by clocinnamox (0.1 mg/kg), but to a lesser extent than fentanyl. The smaller extent of antagonism was not due to the appearance of non μ-opioid response-decreasing effects of etonitazene, since the competitive antagonist quadazocine (0.1 mg/kg) shifted the etonitazene dose-effect curve in the presence of clocinnamox (0.1 mg/kg). Clocinnamox (0.1–0.32 mg/kg) did not antagonize the rate-suppressing effects of the ∂-agonist BW373U86 (0.0.01-1.0 mg/kg) or the κ-agonist U69,593 (0.001–0.032 mg/kg). These results are consistent with previous in vivo and in vitro evidence that characterized clocinnamox as an insurmountable antagonist, with selectivity for μ-over κ- and δ-receptors.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46352/1/213_2005_Article_BF02246641.pd

Report of the Saithe (Polliachius virens, L.) Otolith Exchange 2013

The ICES Planning Group on Commercial Catch, Discards and Biological Sampling (PGCCDBS) identified the need of a Saithe (Polliachius virens) otolith exchange to take place in 2013. It was the second exchange after that’s of 2008. The IFREMER institute coordinated this exchange. A total of 295 fish was sampled from the Barent sea (ICES area : IIa, N=24), from the North Sea (ICES area : IV, N=34) and from the Western Scotland (ICES area : VIa, N=237). The length range of the fish was between 37 and 96 cm, with mean 60 cm. 13 readers from 5 countries (France, Germany, Iceland, Sweden & Norway) were participated. Mean precision of age estimate for individual fish were Coefficient of Variation (CV) of 6.2% and percent agreement to modal age of 85.9. Among 298 fish, 54 were read with 100% agreement (18%) and thus a CV of 0%. There were variations in precision of age estimate between individual fish, with CV ranging from 0 to 27% and percent agreement range from 40 to 100% (Tab. 2). Precision of Age estimation from the North Sea was not as good as than those of the others areas. However, the size and age of fish from the North Sea were bigger than those of the others areas. The differences are primarily explained by the position and the number of rings after the eighth and closed the edge