急性心筋梗塞患者におけるLow-density lipoprotein コレステロール値とスタチンの効果に関する考察 : 東京都多施設データからの検討

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 山崎 力, 東京大学講師 大門 雅夫, 東京大学特任准教授 脇 裕典, 東京大学講師 廣田 泰, 東京大学講師 軍神 正隆University of Tokyo(東京大学

Effects of teaching motor skills to others on the persistence of motor learning

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of teaching motor skills to others on the survivability of motor learning effects. 20 healthy adults were randomly assigned to two conditions a teaching conditions and reading a magazine condition (control conditions). The number of times of turning was measured before and after each condition. In both conditions, the number of ball rotations and the number of improvements increased 30 minutes after the task was completed compared to before the task. Additionally, the number of improvements in ball rotation was significantly higher in the teaching condition than in the control condition. In the teaching condition, the number of ball turnings significantly increased 30 minutes after the end of the condition compared to before the condition. These results suggested that task for teaching motor skill to others might be useful for improving motor learning

Evaluation of PTPN22 polymorphisms and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Japanese patients

Purpose: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disorder against melanocytes. Polymorphisms of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 gene (PTPN22) have recently been reported to be associated with susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. In this study, genetic susceptibility to VKH disease was investigated by screening for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PTPN22. Methods: A total of 167 Japanese patients with VKH disease and 188 healthy Japanese controls were genotyped by direct sequencing methods for six SNPs (rs3811021, rs1217413, rs1237682, rs3761935, rs3789608, and rs2243471) of PTPN22 including the uncoding exons. Results: The six SNPs in PTPN22 showed no significant association with susceptibility to VKH disease or its ocular, neurologic, or dermatological manifestation. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to clarify the genetic mechanisms underlying VKH disease

Some adverse actions of chlorothalonil at sublethal levels in rat thymic lymphocytes : Its relation to Zn2+

Chlorothalonil, a polychlorinated aromatic fungicide, is considered non-toxic to small mammals. However, chlorothalonil inactivates sulfhydryl enzymes and depletes cellular glutathione. Chlorothalonil increases intracellular Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) in mammalian cells possibly because intracellular Zn2+ is released via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange. The effects of chlorothalonil at sublethal concentrations on the cellular content of nonprotein thiols ([NPT]i) and [Zn2+]i were examined using flow cytometry in rat thymocytes. Low concentrations (0.3–1 μM) of chlorothalonil increased, but high concentrations (3–10 μM) decreased [NPT]i. These effects of chlorothalonil were partly attenuated by an intracellular Zn2+ chelator. Chlorothalonil at 0.3–10 μM increased [Zn2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, which was largely dependent on the release of intracellular Zn2+. Both the decrease in [NPT]i and increase in [Zn2+]i increase the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress. Chlorothalonil at 1–10 μM potentiated the cytotoxicity of H2O2 (300 μM). It was also the case for 10 μM pentachloronitrobenzene, but not 10 μM pentachlorophenol. In conclusion, chlorothalonil at low (sublethal) micromolar concentrations is cytotoxic to mammalian cells under oxidative stress

Decrease in Animal Population Sizes in the Bago Mountains, Myanmar

Myanmar is located at the transition zone between the Continental Southeast Asian and Sino-Japanese regions. This plant geographical transition produces unique and diverse species assemblages. However, in recent years, the biodiversity in the region has been rapidly decreasing as a result of deforestation and forest degradation, while, reports on the fauna and flora in Myanmar are still lacking. This study aims to examine the change in animal population sizes around a rural village in the Bago Mountains, central Myanmar. We collected data on the change in animal population sizes over the last 10 years (2006-2016) by an interview survey for two hunters. In addition, we set camera traps in forests around the village. Hunters hunted 23 animal species and camera traps took pictures of five species. Populations of large animals tended to decrease more rapidly than those of small animals. Only the population size of Rattus tanezumi, the smallest animal of the 23 species, increased during the 10-year period. Human activity, in the form of deforestation and forest degradation, may be one of the primary causes of the loss of biodiversity and animals in the Bago Mountains.本研究は環境省地球環境研究総合推進費「途上国での生物多様性と地域社会の相乗便益を目指したセーフガード策定に関する研究（平成26 ～ 28年度、課題番号４－１４０４」、課題代表者　奥田敏統）の一環としてミャンマー国内で実施した

Transcatheter Edge-to-edge Repair of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation

Despite the increasing knowledge of the long-term adverse consequence of severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR), most patients with moderate- to-severe TR are still treated conservatively because of the high risk of surgery. Percutaneous procedures have emerged as an attractive alternative treatment. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is a validated technique to treat mitral regurgitation. In recent years, the same concept has been applied to patients with TR and prohibitive operative risk. Early trials have shown feasibility and safety. More clinical experiences and long-term results are still being gathered. In this article, we provide an overview of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair and look at the current evidence and clinical results regarding procedure

Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Despite significant improvements in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) outcomes, periprocedural conduction disturbances, such as new-onset left bundle branch block (LBBB) and new pacemaker implantation (PMI), remain relatively frequent concerns. The development of periprocedural conduction disturbances can be explained by the proximity between the aortic valve and the conduction system. Although prior studies reported heterogeneity in PMI rates after TAVI, current evidence supports the potentially deleterious consequence of LBBB and PMI, and several predisposing factors have been reported. Therefore, new strategies to avoid conduction disturbances and to improve their management are required, particularly with the current trend to expand TAVI to a low-risk population

Surgical experience with chronic constrictive pericarditis

Objective: Constrictive pericarditis is a disease characterized by marked thickening of the pericardium which causes restriction of diastolic cardiac function. The purpose of this report is to review the outcome of pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis and to discuss its problems. Methods: Sixteen consecutive patients who underwent pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis in our institution between March 2000 and June 2011 were reviewed. All patients underwent decortication including at least the anterior surface from the right atrium to the left phrenic nerve and the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. The epicardium was concomitantly resectioned because it was usually sclerotic and constrictive. Results: Postoperatively, mean central venous pressure decreased to 8.8 ± 3.1 mmHg and was significantly lower than the preoperative value 15.3 ± 3.7 mmHg (p < 0.001). The mean postoperative duration of hospitalization was 25.6 ± 13.5 days. There were 2 in-hospital deaths and early mortality rate was 12.5 %; however, excluding hospital deaths, there were no significant postoperative complications and all survivors recovered and maintained good cardiac function during the mean follow-up period of 3.7 ± 2.8 years. Conclusion: For an acceptable outcome, surgical intervention should be performed at an appropriate time and the pericardiectomy should have proper scope and depth to prevent irreversible changes in the heart, liver, and other organs