Economic Impacts of a New Road Network in San-En Region, Japan: A Spatial Computable General Equilibrium Model

In this paper, we aim to evaluate impacts of a new road network on the regional economy in San-en, Japan. San-en area is a boundary region between Aichi and Shizuoka Prefectures where the industrial sector is concentrated. The regional economy in San-en strongly depends on the regional transportation networks. Recently, a new road construction is planned in the region. The efficiency of road investment is expected for the regional economy. We construct a spatial computable general equilibrium model to evaluate the border economy. The spatial economic impacts of a new road construction are analyzed by the numerical simulation under several scenarios.

Continuous variable entanglement on a chip

Encoding quantum information in continuous variables (CV)---as the quadrature of electromagnetic fields---is a powerful approach to quantum information science and technology. CV entanglement---light beams in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) states---is a key resource for quantum information protocols; and enables hybridisation between CV and single photon discrete variable (DV) qubit systems. However, CV systems are currently limited by their implementation in free-space optical networks: increased complexity, low loss, high-precision alignment and stability, as well as hybridisation, demand an alternative approach. Here we show an integrated photonic implementation of the key capabilities for CV quantum technologies---generation and characterisation of EPR beams in a photonic chip. Combined with integrated squeezing and non-Gaussian operation, these results open the way to universal quantum information processing with light

寄生性原虫類の低温生物学的研究 : 2.フリーザーによる低温保存

The following results were obtained: 1. Entamoeba histolytica survived for only several days in a sample with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide at -75C after pre-cooling in a -25C freezer. 2. In a sample with 7.5% glycerol stored at -20C, RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii survived for at least 75 days, and Plasmodium berghei was preserved for 49 days, whereas Trypanosoma gambiense survived for only 3 days. 3. T. gambiense, P. berghei, and RH strain of T. gondii could be easily stored at -75C in the presence of 7.5% glycerol, and even without any cryo-protective substance, the latter two species survived for about 80 days. 4. In spite of several trials, Beverley strain of T. gondii could not survive at low temperatures except only one sample stored at -20C for one day had an infectivity to a mouse. 5. The most interesting finding was that the survival period of protozoa in the sample prepared with inactivated bovine serum was somewhat longer than that prepared with physiological saline.本報では,先に報告(宮田,1973)したトリコモナス類以外の寄生性原虫類について,-20度,-25度,-75度の3種のフリーザーを用いて,凍結保存を試みた.得られた成績は,次の通りである.1.赤痢アメーバは,凍結保存が困難で,-25度フリーザー中で1時間半予備凍結後,-75度フリーザーヘ移し保存しても,せいぜい数日間保存できたにすぎない.2.7.5%グリセリンを加えた試料を,-20度のフリーザー中に凍結保存する場合は,トキソプラズマRH株は,少なくとも75日,ネズミ・マラリアは,49日保存できたが,ガンビエ・トリパノゾーマは,3日間しか保存できなかった.3.上記3種の原虫は,7.5%グリセリンを加え,-75度フリーザー中で凍結した場合は,大変長期間保存することができる.またトリパノゾーマを除く2種の原虫は,例え凍害保護剤を加えなくても,およそ80日間保存できた.4.何回も試みたが,トキソプラズマのビバリー株の保存は難しく,-20度で凍結した7.5%グリセリン加試料中の1本だけが1日保存後もマウスに感染力をもっていた.しかしその他の試みは全て失敗に終った.5.原虫を非働化牛血清中で凍結する場合は,生理的食塩水中で凍結するよりも,原虫の保存期間が長くなつた

寄生性原虫類の低温生物学的研究 : 1.-25度および-75度のフリーザー中におけるトリコモナス類の凍結条件に関する研究.

Examinations were done of the cooling method, the effect of the cryo-protective substance such as glycerol (GLY) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and of salt concentration on the low temperature preservation of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus in a -25C or a -75C freezer. The following results were obtained: 1. In the -25C freezer trichomonad survived for several days in the presence of GLY or DMSO. The longest survival record was two weeks in T. vaginalis and one week in T. foetus, whereas the survival rate in either species was quite low. 2. Both the trichomonad species in a sample with GLY or DMSO placed directly into the -75C freezer could survive for a month or longer, but the survival rate was low. 3. The pre-cooling method in which a sample was pre-cooled in the-25C freezer then transfered into the -75C freezer was found to give a good effect to a rise in the survival rate of trichomonads. 4. In a 5-day storage in the -75C freezer by the pre-cooling method, the survival rate became higher than 70% in T. vaginalis and nearly 10% in T. foetus in the presence of 2.5～7.5% DMSO, while it remained lower than 20% in T. vaginals and only several percents in T. foetus in the presence of 10% GLY. 5. In a one-day storage in the presence of 5.0% DMSO by the pre-cooling method, the survival rate of T. vaginalis was higher in 0.9～1.5% NaCl than in the lower salt concentration. As the highest survival rate of T. foetus was 30.4% in 0.3% NaCl, the optimum salt concentration for T. foetus was thought to be lower than that for T. vaginalis. 6. As a conclusion it could be said that the pre-cooling method might be useful for the low temperature preservation of trichomonad and would be applicable to the cases of other parasitic protozoa.この実験は,トリコモナス類を-25度および-75度フリーザー中で,低温保存するための冷却方法,凍害保護剤(ジメチル・スルホキサイド(DMSO),およびグリセリン(GLY))の影響,および至適塩濃度について検討したものである.得られた成績は,以下の通りである.1.-25度のフリーザー中では,トリコモナスは,DMSOやGLYを添加しても,数日間しか生存できなかった.このフリーザー中での最長生存期間はT. vaginalisでは2週間,T. foetusでは1週間であった.しかし生存率は,どちらもきわめて低かった.2.GLYやDMSOの存在下で,-75変のフリーザーにトリコモナスを直接冷却し保存した場合は,両方の種とも1ケ月あるいは,それ以上生存した.しかし生存率は低率であった.5.あらかじめ材料を-25度のフリーザーで予備凍結し,-75度のフリーザーに移して保存する場合には,トリコモナスの生存率は高くなった.4.予備凍結法を用い,-75度フリーザー中で5日間保存後しらべると,2.5～7.5%DMSOを加えた材料では,T. vaginalisは,生存率70%以上,T. foetusは10%前後であった.一方GLYを加えた材料ではT. vaginalisは,生存率20%,T. foetusは,わずかに数パーセントであった.5. 5%DMSOを加えた材料を予備凍結し,1日間,-75度フリーザー中に保存後の各塩濃度におけるトリコモナスの生存率は,T. vaginalisでは塩濃度0.9～1.5%の場合が,それよりも低い塩濃度よりも高い生存率をしめした.一方T. foeiusの場合,最も生存率が高かったのは,塩濃度0.3%の場合で,30.4%であった.6.結論として,予備凍結法は,トリコモナス類の低温保存に有用で,その他の寄生性原虫類の場合にも応用できるものと考えられる