The Curriculum Development of Mathematics for Cultivating The Eye of Mathematical Appreciation: Applying Kanzu-Approach

The purpose of this study is to develop the curriculum of mathematics for cultivating the Eye of Mathematical Appreciation. In this paper. the authors applied Kanzu-Approach which provides visual texts and model of reading comprehension for mathematics classes and mathematics note 'Discovery'. As a result, it became possible for children to appreciate the events and phenomena from the viewpoints of number, quantity, shape, and its relationship. This result shows the achievement of criteria on the rubric assessment

A Report on Overseas Teaching Practicum by Graduate Students in Elementary/Secondary Schools in the United States （XII）

This paper reports on the overseas teaching practicum in the U.S., which was supposed to be the 12th time this year. Eight students joined this year’s program and they prepared for the practicum in the U.S. They met regularly to discuss the lesson plans and deepen their understanding on how to create a lesson and what scaffolding steps they should prepare for conveying messages to American children who know little about Japanese culture and having different background from us. Unfortunately, just a few days before the departure, we had to give up our visit to the U.S. since there was a high chance of a hurricane hitting the area we were to visit. Though we could not make our visit in September, instead we held a forum in November and exchanged discussion on the impact of the program to the participants and the schools which accept us. The details of the lesson plans and the forum are reported in this paper

Mobile PEAR transcription factors integrate positional cues to prime cambial growth.

Apical growth in plants initiates upon seed germination, whereas radial growth is primed only during early ontogenesis in procambium cells and activated later by the vascular cambium1. Although it is not known how radial growth is organized and regulated in plants, this system resembles the developmental competence observed in some animal systems, in which pre-existing patterns of developmental potential are established early on2,3. Here we show that in Arabidopsis the initiation of radial growth occurs around early protophloem-sieve-element cell files of the root procambial tissue. In this domain, cytokinin signalling promotes the expression of a pair of mobile transcription factors-PHLOEM EARLY DOF 1 (PEAR1) and PHLOEM EARLY DOF 2 (PEAR2)-and their four homologues (DOF6, TMO6, OBP2 and HCA2), which we collectively name PEAR proteins. The PEAR proteins form a short-range concentration gradient that peaks at protophloem sieve elements, and activates gene expression that promotes radial growth. The expression and function of PEAR proteins are antagonized by the HD-ZIP III proteins, well-known polarity transcription factors4-the expression of which is concentrated in the more-internal domain of radially non-dividing procambial cells by the function of auxin, and mobile miR165 and miR166 microRNAs. The PEAR proteins locally promote transcription of their inhibitory HD-ZIP III genes, and thereby establish a negative-feedback loop that forms a robust boundary that demarks the zone of cell division. Taken together, our data establish that during root procambial development there exists a network in which a module that links PEAR and HD-ZIP III transcription factors integrates spatial information of the hormonal domains and miRNA gradients to provide adjacent zones of dividing and more-quiescent cells, which forms a foundation for further radial growth.Gatsby Foundation [GAT3395/PR3)] University of Helsinki [award 799992091] ERC Grant SYMDEV [No. 323052] NSF-BBSRC MCSB 1517058 etc