Helping behavior viewed from the recipients’ standpoints : The judgment of elementary and junior high school students and implications for Moral Education

The purpose of this study is to clarify the helping behavior viewed from the recipients’ standpoints. A total of 533 elementary and junior high school students responded to our survey. The respondents were asked whether they want to be helped or not in following three situations: (1) you fall down; (2) you forget your homework; (3) you are crying behind the school building. As a result, we found that junior high school students generally want less helping behavior than elementary school students. For example, in situation 3, the elementary school students wanted to be helped, while most 8th- and 9th-grade students did not want to be helped. These results are useful in Moral Education to nurture the altruism.本稿は平成25-28年度日本学術振興会科学研究費（研究代表者：宮里智恵）の助成を受け，実施された研究の一部である

Efforts of the Professional Development Program at Hiroshima University Towards Fostering Teachers as Continuous Learners : The Case of the Teaching Practice and Development Course

In 2016, the Graduate School of Education at Hiroshima University established the Professional Development Program for Teachers and School Leaders which consists two courses: The Teaching Practice and Development Course and the School Management Course. Focusing on the former, this paper examines its achievements and problems in the first year to develop some perspectives of models for graduate education toward fostering teachers as continuous learners. We discuss from the following four points: a collaborative learning between teacher and non-teacher graduate students; an effective way to learn the basic skills; a circulation of theory and practice; a triumvirate and learning environment on the realization of them.本研究は，JSPS科学研究費補助金基盤研究（B）（一般）「「学び続ける教員」を支えるアクティブ・ラーニング型教員研修プログラムの開発」（JP16H03765）の助成を受けている。本稿は，平成28年度日本教育大学協会研究集会で発表した内容を加筆・修正したものである

A study of the expression of helping behavior of elementary school and junior high-school students : Observing the appearance of “omoiyari” that is not expressed in action <Research Article>

This study aimed to obtain basic data from school students about the occurrences of omoiyari that were not expressed in their actions. In all, 533 elementary and junior high school students responded to our survey. The participants were asked what would they do in three particular situations: (1) a classmate falls down; (2) a classmate forgets their homework; (3) a classmate is seen crying behind the school building. The results were as follows. The older the students become, the more they show the unexpressed omoiyari behavior. In situation 3, eighth- and ninth-grade students were most likely to show unexpressed omoiyari. The main motivations behind unexpressed omoiyari behavior are taking perspective, lack of social skills, and internalized conscience. We intend to use these results to develop a moral education program for elementary and junior high school students.本稿は平成25－28年度日本学術振興会科学研究費（研究代表者：宮里智恵）の助成を受け，実施された研究の一部である

Add-On Effect of Angiotensin Receptor Blockade (Candesartan) on Clinical Remission in Active IgA Nephropathy Patients Treated with Steroid Pulse Therapy and Tonsillectomy: a Randomized, Parallel-Group Comparison Trial

Background/Aims: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be beneficial for clinical remission during conventional therapy with tonsillectomy and steroid pulse (TSP) for active IgA nephropathy. Methods: Seventy-seven patients with active IgA nephropathy were randomly assigned to the control arm with conventional regimen (TSP followed by oral prednisolone) (n = 37) or the ARB arm with conventional regimen plus ARB candesartan for the first 6 months (n = 40). Patients not achieving proteinuria remission at 12 months in either arm were administered candesartan, which was titrated until the 24-month follow-up. The primary endpoints were remission of proteinuria (< 0.3 g/gCr) and hematuria at 12 months. Results: Baseline proteinuria (g/g Cr) were comparable between the control and ARB arm (1.02 vs. 0.97, P = 0.97). Similarly, cumulative remission rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were comparable between the control and ARB arms (37.8% vs. 35% [P = 0.80], 48.7% vs. 38.5% [P = 0.37], 71.4% vs. 51.3% [P = 0.08]). Proteinuria, which was slightly worse in the control arm than in the ARB arm at 6 months, was comparable afterwards (0.20 vs. 0.23 g/g Cr at 12 months; 0.12 vs. 0.13 g/g Cr at 24 months). Significant reductions observed in urinary angiotensinogen were almost comparable between the two treatment arms at both 6 and 12 months. Conclusion: Early candesartan treatment combined with TSP may not benefit clinical remission regardless of the blood pressure. ARB titration later during the treatment might provide benefit for patients with active IgA nephropathy