The effect of eccentricity on visual motion prediction in peripheral vision

Abstract The purpose of the current study was to clarify the effect of eccentricity on visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact (TTC) task. TTC indicates the predictive ability to accurately estimate the time‐to‐contact of a moving object based on visual motion perception. We also measured motion reaction time (motion RT) as an indicator of the speed of visual motion perception. The TTC task was to press a button when the moving target would arrive at the stationary goal. In the occluded condition, the target dot was occluded 500 ms before the time to contact. The motion RT task was to press a button as soon as the target moved. The visual targets were randomly presented at five different eccentricities (4°, 6°, 8°, 10°, 12°) and moved on a circular trajectory at a constant tangent velocity (8°/s) to keep the eccentricity constant. Our results showed that TTC in the occluded condition showed an earlier response as the eccentricity increased. Furthermore, the motion RT became longer as the eccentricity increased. Therefore, it is most likely that a slower speed perception in peripheral vision delays the perceived speed of motion onset and leads to an earlier response in the TTC task

Expansion of nanotechnology for dentistry: effect of colloidal platinum nanoparticles on dentin adhesion mediated by 4-META/MMA-TBB.

To investigate the effect of Colloidal Platinum Nanoparticles (CPN) on the bond strength between dentin and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin using different concentrations of CPN

Effect of application time of colloidal platinum nanoparticles on the microtensile bond strength to dentin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of application time of colloidal platinum nanoparticles (CPN) on bond strength. Dentin surfaces were subjected to one of the following treatments: (A) Etching with 10% citric acid-3% FeCl3 solution (10-3 solution); (B) Etching with 10-3 solution followed by applying CPN as a primer solution for 10, 20, 30, or 60 seconds; and (C) Priming with CPN for 10, 20, 30, or 60 seconds followed by etching with 10-3 solution. An acrylic rod was bonded to each treated dentin surface using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin. Bonded specimens were sectioned into beams for microtensile bond strength testing. In groups (B) and (C), highest bond strength was obtained when dentin surfaces were treated with CPN for 30 seconds. This meant that the CPN primer solution either enhanced the penetration of resin into dentin or the degree of conversion of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin. Within the limitations of this study, treatment with 0.1 mN CPN primer solution followed by 20 seconds of water rinsing resulted in high bond strength

Peptide barcoding for establishment of new types of genotype–phenotype linkages

多様なモノクロナル抗体分子を迅速に作製するペプチドバーコード手法を確立 --動物を使わずに試験管内で多様な抗体を調製することが可能に--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2019-04-25.Measuring binding properties of binders (e.g., antibodies) is essential for developing useful experimental reagents, diagnostics, and pharmaceuticals. Display technologies can evaluate a large number of binders in a high-throughput manner, but the immobilization effect and the avidity effect prohibit the precise evaluation of binding properties. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology, peptide barcoding, to quantitatively measure the binding properties of multiple binders without immobilization. In the experimental scheme, unique peptide barcodes are fused with each binder, and they represent genotype information. These peptide barcodes are designed to have high detectability for mass spectrometry, leading to low identification bias and a high identification rate. A mixture of different peptide-barcoded nanobodies is reacted with antigen-coated magnetic beads in one pot. Peptide barcodes of functional nanobodies are cleaved on beads by a specific protease, and identified by selected reaction monitoring using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. To demonstrate proof-of-principle for peptide barcoding, we generated peptide-barcoded anti-CD4 nanobody and anti-GFP nanobody, and determined whether we could simultaneously quantify their binding activities. We showed that peptide barcoding did not affect the properties of the nanobodies, and succeeded in measuring the binding activities of these nanobodies in one shot. The results demonstrate the advantages of peptide barcoding, new types of genotype–phenotype linkages