Mechanistic evidence for the remote π-aryl participation in acidcatalyzed ring opening of homobenzoquinone epoxides

The acid-induced reaction of bis(p-chlorophenyl)homobenzoquinone epoxide gave the dual ipso/ortho intramolecular SE2-Ar products associated with the π-aryl participated oxirane ring opening, whereas bis(p-tolyl)- and diphenyl-substituted homologues provided only the ortho products

キノウテキ ヒキノウテキ ジコ チュウモク ノ ジゾク ト フアン ヨクウツ ノ カンレン

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among functional and dysfunctional self-focused attention, namely, self-reflection and rumination, and anxiety and depression. A survey was administered to 226 undergraduate students on self-rumination, self-reflection, self-focused attention, anxiety, and depression. The analysis showed that partial correlation between self-rumination and anxiety was significant while controlling for depression, same as self-focused attention and anxiety. Regression analysis revealed that self-focused attention predicted anxiety and depression. Results of this study showed that self-focused attention had a stronger association with anxiety. This study suggested that self-focused attention influences mental health regardless of motives, such as self-rumination and self-reflection. Future analysis needs to examine interventions in characteristics of self-focused attention

Effective length of vertical grounding wires connected to wind turbine foundation

Wind turbines are frequently struck by lightning. One of the important and effective measures is to reduce the grounding impedance of wind turbine. For the reduction of grounding impedance, vertical and/or horizontal conductors are additionally buried and connected to the foundation. It has been reported that there is a certain length of grounding conductor, beyond which the part of the grounding conductor is ineffective. This is called ‘effective length’. In this paper, the effective length of a vertical grounding conductor is investigated through simulations using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method

Drug-dependent analgesic efficacy in interscalene block for postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a comparison between ropivacaine and levobupivacaine

Background: Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) provides high analgesic efficacy for postoperative pain. However, different drug efficacies remain unclear. This retrospective study compared the efficacy of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in a single-dose ISB for pain control after ARCR. Methods: This study included 173 patients who underwent ARCR; they were divided into the ISBR group (n = 61) that received ISB with 20 mL 0.375% ropivacaine and 3.3 mg dexamethasone, and the ISBL group (n = 112) that received ISB with 20 mL 0.25% levobupivacaine and 3.3 mg dexamethasone. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were evaluated at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours, postoperatively. Rebound pain was defined as a difference of ≥ 5 points between the highest and lowest VAS pain scores. Results: The mean VAS pain scores at 1 hour were not significantly different between the groups. ISBL administration resulted in significantly lower VAS pain scores at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours than ISBR administration. Rebound pain rates in the ISBR and ISBL groups were 41.0% and 17.9%, respectively. Rebound pain was more frequent in the ISBR than in the ISBL group. Conclusion: ISB with levobupivacaine and dexamethasone can provide more effective postoperative pain control after ARCR than ropivacaine and dexamethasone

Abstracts of Graduate Theses (2012 School Year)

中国の高等職業学校におけるカリキュラムの改善に関する考察 : 特色ある事例校への調査を踏まえて[王] 専門里親制度をめぐる家族像 : 制度成立期に着目して[足達] 学校と地域の連携における「地域コーディネーター」の役割に関する考察[島崎] 民間人校長登用の現況と今後の展望 : 民間人校長の意識・学校経営実践事例を踏まえて[長友] 公立中学校における部活動への外部指導員導入に関する一考察[宮本] 小・中学校におけるスクールソーシャルワーカーの必要性と今後の展望 : 福岡市の事例を踏まえて[村松] 施設養護青少年の自立支援に関する一考察[山口