140 research outputs found
Non-Fermi-Liquid Scaling in Ce(Ru_{0.5}Rh_{0.5})_2Si_2
We study the temperature and field dependence of the magnetic and transport
properties of the non-Fermi-liquid compound Ce(Ru_{1-x}Rh_x)_2Si_2 at x=0.5.
For fields 0.1T the experimental results show signatures of the
presence of Kondo-disorder, expected to be large at this concentration. For
larger fields, however, magnetic and transport properties are controlled by the
coupling of the conduction electrons to critical spin-fluctuations. The
temperature dependence of the susceptibility as well as the scaling properties
of the magnetoresistance are in very good agreement with the predictions of
recent dynamical mean-field theories of Kondo alloys close to a spin-glass
quantum critical point.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Improved discussion. To appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Effects of Uniaxial Stress on Antiferromagnetic Moment in the Heavy Electron Compound URu_2Si_2
We have performed the elastic neutron scattering experiments under uniaxial
stress \sigma along the tetragonal [100], [110] and [001] directions for
URu2Si2. For \sigma // [100] and [110], the antiferromagnetic moment \mu_o is
strongly enhanced from 0.02 \mu_B (\sigma=0) to 0.22 \mu_B (\sigma=2.5 kbar) at
1.5 K. The rate of increase d\mu_o/d\sigma is roughly estimated to be ~ 0.1
\mu_B/kbar, which is much larger than that for the hydrostatic pressure (~
0.025 \mu_B/kbar). Above 2.5 kbar, \mu_o shows a tendency to saturate similar
to the behavior in the hydrostatic pressure. For \sigma // [001], on the other
hand, \mu_o shows only a slight increase to 0.028 \mu_B (\sigma = 4.6 kbar)
with a rate of ~ 0.002 \mu_B/kbar. The observed anisotropy suggests that the
competition between the hidden order and the antiferromagnetic state in URu2Si2
is strongly coupled with the tetragonal four-fold symmetry and the c/a ratio,
or both.Comment: 3 pages, 3 eps figures, Proceedings of Int. Conf. on Strongly
Correlated Electrons with Orbital Degrees of Freedom (Sendai, Japan,
September 11-14, 2001
Effect of Pressure on Tiny Antiferromagnetic Moment in the Heavy-Electron Compound URu_2Si_2
We have performed elastic neutron-scattering experiments on the
heavy-electron compound URu_2Si_2 for pressure P up to 2.8 GPa. We have found
that the antiferrmagnetic (100) Bragg reflection below T_m ~ 17.5 K is strongly
enhanced by applying pressure. For P < 1.1 GPa, the staggered moment mu_o at
1.4 K increases linearly from ~ 0.017(3) mu_B to ~ 0.25(2) mu_B, while T_m
increases slightly at a rate ~ 1 K/GPa, roughly following the transition
temperature T_o determined from macroscopic anomalies. We have also observed a
sharp phase transition at P_c ~ 1.5 GPa, above which a 3D-Ising type of
antiferromagnetic phase (mu_o ~ 0.4 mu_B) appears with a slightly reduced
lattice constant.Comment: RevTeX, 4 pages, 4 eps figures, accepted for publication in Phys.
Rev. Let
Evolution of Heterogeneous Antiferromagnetic State in URu2Si2: Study of Hydrostatic-Pressure, Uniaxial-Stress and Rh-Dope Effects
We have investigated the nature of the competition between hidden order and
antiferromagnetic (AF) order in URu_2Si_2 by performing the neutron scattering
experiments under hydrostatic-pressure P, uniaxial-stress sigma, and
Rh-substitution conditions. Hidden order observed at ambient pressure in pure
URu_2Si_2 is found to be replaced by the AF order by applying P, sigma along
the tetragonal basal plane, and by doping Rh. We discuss these experimental
results on the basis of the crystalline strain calculations, and suggest that
this phase transition is generated by the 0.1% increase of the tetragonal c/a
ratio. We have also found that the magnetic excitation observed in the hidden
order phase vanishes in the AF phase. We show that this variation can be
qualitatively explained by assuming the hidden order parameter to be
quadrupole.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, proceedings of workshop on Novel Pressure-Induced
Phenomena In Condensed Matter Systems, 2006 Fukuok
Neutron Scattering Study on Competition between Hidden Order and Antiferromagnetism in U(Ru_{1-x}Rh_x)_2Si_2 (x <= 0.05)
We have performed elastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the
solid solutions U(Ru_{1-x}Rh_x)_2Si_2 for the Ru rich concentrations: x=0,
0.01, 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05. Hidden order is suppressed with
increasing x, and correspondingly the onset temperature T_m (~ 17.5 K at x=0)
of weak antiferromagnetic (AF) Bragg reflection decreases. For x=0.04 and 0.05,
no magnetic order is detected in the investigated temperature range down to 1.4
K. In the middle range, 0.02 <= x <= 0.03, we found that the AF Bragg
reflection is strongly enhanced. At x=0.02, this takes place at ~ 7.7 K (=T_M),
which is significantly lower than T_m (~ 13.7 K). T_M increases with increasing
x, and seems to merge with T_m at x=0.03. If the AF state is assumed to be
homogeneous, the staggered moment \mu_o estimated at 1.4 K increases from
0.02(2) \mu_B/U (x=0) to 0.24(1) \mu_B/U (x=0.02). The behavior is similar to
that observed under hydrostatic pressure (\mu_o increases to ~ 0.25 \mu_B/U at
1.0 GPa), suggesting that the AF evolution induced by Rh doping is due to an
increase in the AF volume fraction. We also found that the magnetic excitation
observed at Q=(1,0,0) below T_m disappears as T is lowered below T_M.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Real spin glasses relax slowly in the shade of hierarchical trees
The Parisi solution of the mean-field spin glass has been widely accepted and
celebrated. Its marginal stability in 3d and its complexity however raised the
question of its relevance to real spin glasses. This paper gives a short
overview of the important experimental results which could be understood within
the mean-field solution. The existence of a true phase transition and the
particular behaviour of the susceptibility below the freezing temperature,
predicted by the theory, are clearly confirmed by the experimental results. The
behaviour of the complex order parameter and of the Fluctuation Dissipation
ratio are in good agreement with results of spontaneous noise measurements. The
very particular ultrametric symmetry, the key feature of the theory, provided
us with a simple description of the rejuvenation and memory effects observed in
experiment. Finally, going a step beyond mean-field, the paper shortly
discusses new analyses in terms of correlated domains characterized by their
length scales, as well as new experiments on superspin glasses which compare
well with recent theoretical simulations.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of "Wandering with Curiosity in Complex
Landscapes", a scientific conference in honour of Giorgio Parisi for his 60th
birthday, Roma, September 8-10 2008 (submitted for the special issue of the
Journal of Statistical Physics, 2009
Resonant X-Ray Scattering from URu_{2}Si_{2}
Based on a localized crystal electric field model for the U^{4+} in the
(5f)^2-configuration, we analyze the resonant x-ray scattering spectra around U
M_{IV} and M_{V} edges in URu_{2}Si_{2}, taking full Coulomb and spin-orbit
interactions into account. We consider two level schemes, a singlet model of
Santini and Amoretti and a doublet model of Ohkawa and Shimizu, and assume the
antiferroquadrupolar order and the antiferromagnetic order as candidates for
the ambient pressure phase and the high pressure phase. It is found that the
spectral shapes as a function of photon energy are independent of the assumed
level scheme, but are quite different between the antiferroquadrupole and
antiferromagnetic phases, This may be useful to determine the character of the
ordered phase.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to JPS
Fermi-liquid instabilities at magnetic quantum phase transitions
This review discusses instabilities of the Fermi-liquid state of conduction
electrons in metals with particular emphasis on magnetic quantum critical
points. Both the existing theoretical concepts and experimental data on
selected materials are presented; with the aim of assessing the validity of
presently available theory. After briefly recalling the fundamentals of
Fermi-liquid theory, the local Fermi-liquid state in quantum impurity models
and their lattice versions is described. Next, the scaling concepts applicable
to quantum phase transitions are presented. The Hertz-Millis-Moriya theory of
quantum phase transitions is described in detail. The breakdown of the latter
is analyzed in several examples. In the final part experimental data on
heavy-fermion materials and transition-metal alloys are reviewed and confronted
with existing theory.Comment: 62 pages, 29 figs, review article for Rev. Mod. Phys; (v2) discussion
extended, refs added; (v3) shortened; final version as publishe
Consolidating metabolite identifiers to enable contextual and multi-platform metabolomics data analysis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Analysis of data from high-throughput experiments depends on the availability of well-structured data that describe the assayed biomolecules. Procedures for obtaining and organizing such meta-data on genes, transcripts and proteins have been streamlined in many data analysis packages, but are still lacking for metabolites. Chemical identifiers are notoriously incoherent, encompassing a wide range of different referencing schemes with varying scope and coverage. Online chemical databases use multiple types of identifiers in parallel but lack a common primary key for reliable database consolidation. Connecting identifiers of analytes found in experimental data with the identifiers of their parent metabolites in public databases can therefore be very laborious.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we present a strategy and a software tool for integrating metabolite identifiers from local reference libraries and public databases that do not depend on a single common primary identifier. The program constructs groups of interconnected identifiers of analytes and metabolites to obtain a local metabolite-centric SQLite database. The created database can be used to map in-house identifiers and synonyms to external resources such as the KEGG database. New identifiers can be imported and directly integrated with existing data. Queries can be performed in a flexible way, both from the command line and from the statistical programming environment R, to obtain data set tailored identifier mappings.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Efficient cross-referencing of metabolite identifiers is a key technology for metabolomics data analysis. We provide a practical and flexible solution to this task and an open-source program, the metabolite masking tool (MetMask), available at <url>http://metmask.sourceforge.net</url>, that implements our ideas.</p
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