Effects of curved approach paths and advanced displays on pilot scan patterns

The effect on pilot scan behavior of both advanced cockpit and advanced manuevers was assessed. A series of straight-in and curved landing approaches were performed in the Terminal Configured Vehicle (TCV) simulator. Two comparisons of pilot scan behavior were made: (1) pilot scan behavior for straight-in approaches compared with scan behavior previously obtained in a conventionally equipped simulator, and (2) pilot scan behavior for straight-in approaches compared with scan behavior for curved approaches. The results indicate very similar scanning patterns during the straight-in approaches in the conventional and advanced cockpits. However, for the curved approaches pilot attention shifted to the electronic horizontal situation display (moving map), and a new eye scan path appeared between the map and the airspeed indicator. The very high dwell percentage and dwell times on the electronic displays in the TCV simulator during the final portions of the approaches suggest that the electronic attitude direction indicator was well designed for these landing approaches

Operational experience and design recommendations for teleoperated flight hardware

Teleoperation (remote manipulation) will someday supplement/minimize astronaut extravehicular activity in space to perform such tasks as satellite servicing and repair, and space station construction and servicing. This technology is being investigated by NASA with teleoperation of two space-related tasks having been demonstrated at the Oak Ridge National Lab. The teleoperator experiments are discussed and the results of these experiments are summarized. The related equipment design recommendations are also presented. In addition, a general discussion of equipment design for teleoperation is also presented

An Overview of the Building Energy Retrofit Research Program

A relatively new program of the U.S. Department of Energy has been established to focus on the technical, financial, and behavioral barriers to improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings through retrofit. The program is organized by the three building sectors (single-family, multi-family, and commercial) and is implemented with expertise from four national laboratories, Princeton University, and the Alliance to Save Energy in cooperation with a large number of state, utility, and local agencies. This paper summarizes the objectives, approach, and accomplishments of the program

Frames over finite fields: Equiangular lines in orthogonal geometry

We investigate equiangular lines in finite orthogonal geometries, focusing specifically on equiangular tight frames (ETFs). In parallel with the known correspondence between real ETFs and strongly regular graphs (SRGs) that satisfy certain parameter constraints, we prove that ETFs in finite orthogonal geometries are closely aligned with a modular generalization of SRGs. The constraints in our finite field setting are weaker, and all but~18 known SRG parameters on $v \leq 1300$ vertices satisfy at least one of them. Applying our results to triangular graphs, we deduce that Gerzon's bound is attained in finite orthogonal geometries of infinitely many dimensions. We also demonstrate connections with real ETFs, and derive necessary conditions for ETFs in finite orthogonal geometries. As an application, we show that Gerzon's bound cannot be attained in a finite orthogonal geometry of dimension~5

Frames over finite fields: Equiangular lines in orthogonal geometry

We investigate equiangular lines in finite orthogonal geometries, focusing specifically on equiangular tight frames (ETFs). In parallel with the known correspondence between real ETFs and strongly regular graphs (SRGs) that satisfy certain parameter constraints, we prove that ETFs in finite orthogonal geometries are closely aligned with a modular generalization of SRGs. The constraints in our finite field setting are weaker, and all but~18 known SRG parameters on $v \leq 1300$ vertices satisfy at least one of them. Applying our results to triangular graphs, we deduce that Gerzon's bound is attained in finite orthogonal geometries of infinitely many dimensions. We also demonstrate connections with real ETFs, and derive necessary conditions for ETFs in finite orthogonal geometries. As an application, we show that Gerzon's bound cannot be attained in a finite orthogonal geometry of dimension~5

The Protein Maker: an automated system for high-throughput parallel purification

The Protein Maker instrument addresses a critical bottleneck in structural genomics by allowing automated purification and buffer testing of multiple protein targets in parallel with a single instrument. Here, the use of this instrument to (i) purify multiple influenza-virus proteins in parallel for crystallization trials and (ii) identify optimal lysis-buffer conditions prior to large-scale protein purification is described

Market assessment of fuel cell total energy systems summary report

An investigation of the potential market penetration of fuel cell total energy systems (FCTES) into the nonindustrial, single building market is summarized. Nine building types, two types of construction, and the ten Department of Energy (DOE) regions were used to model the market for the time period 1985--2000. Input data developed for the penetration model included size distributions of each building type and performance and cost characteristics of FCTES and competing conventional systems. Two fuel cell systems, fuel cell - heat pump and fuel cell - central boiler and chiller, were assumed to compete with two conventional systems, electric heat pump and central chiller-boiler models. Two fuel cell supply situations were considered: (a) one in which only 40 kW(e) modules were available, and (b) one in which a catalog of 25, 40, 100, and 250 kW(e) modules were available. Data characterizing the economic climate, the intended market, and system cost and performance were used to determine the present value of life-cycle costs for each system in each market segment. Two market models were used to estimate FCTES sales. In the first, the perfect market model, FCTES sales were assumed to occur in all segments in which that system had the lowest present-valued costs. In the second, a market diffusion model was used to obtain a more probable (and lower) sales estimate than that of the perfect market model. Results are presented as FCTES sales for each market segment by FCTES module size and the effect on primary energy use by fuel type