622 research outputs found
Thermodynamics of the Casimir effect
A complete thermodynamic treatment of the Casimir effect is presented.
Explicit expressions for the free and the internal energy, the entropy and the
pressure are discussed. As an example we consider the Casimir effect with
different temperatures between the plates () resp. outside of them ().
For the pressure of heat radiation can eventually compensate the Casimir
force and the total pressure can vanish. We consider both an isothermal and an
adiabatic treatment of the interior region. The equilibrium point (vanishing
pressure) turns out instable in the isothermal case. In the adiabatic situation
we have both an instable and a stable equilibrium point, if is
sufficiently small. Quantitative aspects are briefly discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 3 EPS-figure
On the Convergence to the Continuum of Finite Range Lattice Covariances
In J. Stat. Phys. 115, 415-449 (2004) Brydges, Guadagni and Mitter proved the
existence of multiscale expansions of a class of lattice Green's functions as
sums of positive definite finite range functions (called fluctuation
covariances). The lattice Green's functions in the class considered are
integral kernels of inverses of second order positive self adjoint operators
with constant coefficients and fractional powers thereof. The fluctuation
coefficients satisfy uniform bounds and the sequence converges in appropriate
norms to a smooth, positive definite, finite range continuum function. In this
note we prove that the convergence is actually exponentially fast.Comment: 14 pages. We have added further references as well as a proof of
Corollary 2.2. This version submitted for publicatio
CRITICAL (Phi^{4}_{3,\epsilon})
The Euclidean (\phi^{4})_{3,\epsilon model in corresponds to a
perturbation by a interaction of a Gaussian measure on scalar fields
with a covariance depending on a real parameter in the range . For one recovers the covariance of a massless
scalar field in . For is a marginal interaction.
For the covariance continues to be Osterwalder-Schrader and
pointwise positive. After introducing cutoffs we prove that for ,
sufficiently small, there exists a non-gaussian fixed point (with one unstable
direction) of the Renormalization Group iterations. These iterations converge
to the fixed point on its stable (critical) manifold which is constructed.Comment: 49 pages, plain tex, macros include
Greb1 is required for axial elongation and segmentation in vertebrate embryos
During vertebrate embryonic development, the formation of axial structures is driven by a population of stem-like cells that reside in a region of the tailbud called the chordoneural hinge (CNH). We have compared the CNH transcriptome with those of surrounding tissues and shown that the CNH and tailbud mesoderm are transcriptionally similar, and distinct from the presomitic mesoderm. Amongst CNH-enriched genes are several that are required for axial elongation, including Wnt3a, Cdx2, Brachyury/T and Fgf8 , and androgen/estrogen receptor nuclear signalling components such as Greb1 . We show that the pattern and duration of tailbud Greb1 expression is conserved in mouse, zebrafish, and chicken embryos, and that Greb1 is required for axial elongation and somitogenesis in zebrafish embryos. The axial truncation phenotype of Greb1 morphant embryos is explained by much reduced expression of No tail ( Ntl/Brachyury ) which is required for axial progenitor maintenance. Posterior segmentation defects in the morphants (including misexpression of genes such as mespb, myoD and papC ) appear to result, in part, from lost expression of the segmentation clock gene, her7
Renormalization of the Hamiltonian and a geometric interpretation of asymptotic freedom
Using a novel approach to renormalization in the Hamiltonian formalism, we
study the connection between asymptotic freedom and the renormalization group
flow of the configuration space metric. It is argued that in asymptotically
free theories the effective distance between configuration decreases as high
momentum modes are integrated out.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, no figures; final version accepted in Phys.Rev.D;
added reference and appendix with comment on solution of eq. (9) in the tex
A mosaic maternal splice donor mutation in the EHMT1 gene leads to aberrant transcripts and to Kleefstra syndrome in the offspring
The euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) gene was examined in a 3-year-old boy with characteristic clinical features of Kleefstra syndrome. Sequencing of all 27 EHMT1 exons revealed a novel mutation, NM_024757.4:c.2712+1G>A, which affects the splice donor of intron 18. Whereas the index patient is heterozygous for that mutation, his phenotypically normal mother shows tissue-specific mosaicism. Sequencing of EHMT1 RT-PCR products revealed two aberrant transcript variants: in one variant, exon 18 was skipped; in the other, a near-by GT motif was used as splice donor and intronic sequence was inserted between exons 18 and 19. Both transcript variants were found in the patient and his mother. The latter had lower amounts of these transcripts consistent with mosaic status. This is the first description of an EHMT1 point mutation being inherited from a parent with verified mosaicism. The constitutive c.2712+1G>A splice site mutation in EHMT1 is fully pathogenic, and the transcript variants produced do not attenuate the severity of the disease.European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication, 12 December 2012; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.267
The Global Renormalization Group Trajectory in a Critical Supersymmetric Field Theory on the Lattice Z^3
We consider an Euclidean supersymmetric field theory in given by a
supersymmetric perturbation of an underlying massless Gaussian measure
on scalar bosonic and Grassmann fields with covariance the Green's function of
a (stable) L\'evy random walk in . The Green's function depends on the
L\'evy-Khintchine parameter with . For
the interaction is marginal. We prove for
sufficiently small and initial
parameters held in an appropriate domain the existence of a global
renormalization group trajectory uniformly bounded on all renormalization group
scales and therefore on lattices which become arbitrarily fine. At the same
time we establish the existence of the critical (stable) manifold. The
interactions are uniformly bounded away from zero on all scales and therefore
we are constructing a non-Gaussian supersymmetric field theory on all scales.
The interest of this theory comes from the easily established fact that the
Green's function of a (weakly) self-avoiding L\'evy walk in is a second
moment (two point correlation function) of the supersymmetric measure governing
this model. The control of the renormalization group trajectory is a
preparation for the study of the asymptotics of this Green's function. The
rigorous control of the critical renormalization group trajectory is a
preparation for the study of the critical exponents of the (weakly)
self-avoiding L\'evy walk in .Comment: 82 pages, Tex with macros supplied. Revision includes 1. redefinition
of norms involving fermions to ensure uniqueness. 2. change in the definition
of lattice blocks and lattice polymer activities. 3. Some proofs have been
reworked. 4. New lemmas 5.4A, 5.14A, and new Theorem 6.6. 5.Typos
corrected.This is the version to appear in Journal of Statistical Physic
Modern âliveâ football: moving from the panoptican gaze to the performative, virtual and carnivalesque
Drawing on Redhead's discussion of Baudrillard as a theorist of hyperreality, the paper considers the different ways in which the mediatized âliveâ football spectacle is often modelled on the âliveâ however eventually usurps the âliveâ forms position in the cultural economy, thus beginning to replicate the mediatized âliveâ. The blurring of the âliveâ and ârealâ through an accelerated mediatization of football allows the formation of an imagined community mobilized by the working class whilst mediated through the sanitization, selling of âeventsâ and the middle classing of football, through the re-encoding of sporting spaces and strategic decision-making about broadcasting. A culture of pub supporting then allows potential for working-class supporters to remove themselves from the panoptican gazing systems of late modern hyperreal football stadia and into carnivalesque performative spaces, which in many cases are hyperreal and simulated themselves
Silica Vesicle Nanovaccine Formulations Stimulate Long-Term Immune Responses to the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus E2 Protein
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) is one of the most serious pathogen, which causes tremendous economic loss to the cattle industry worldwide, meriting the development of improved subunit vaccines. Structural glycoprotein E2 is reported to be a major immunogenic determinant of BVDV virion. We have developed a novel hollow silica vesicles (SV) based platform to administer BVDV-1 Escherichia coli-expressed optimised E2 (oE2) antigen as a nanovaccine formulation. The SV-140 vesicles (diameter 50 nm, wall thickness 6 nm, perforated by pores of entrance size 16 nm and total pore volume of 0.934 cm(3)g(-1)) have proven to be ideal candidates to load oE2 antigen and generate immune response. The current study for the first time demonstrates the ability of freeze-dried (FD) as well as non-FD oE2/SV140 nanovaccine formulation to induce long-term balanced antibody and cell mediated memory responses for at least 6 months with a shortened dosing regimen of two doses in small animal model. The in vivo ability of oE2 (100 mu g)/SV-140 (500 mu g) and FD oE2 (100 mu g)/SV-140 (500 mu g) to induce long-term immunity was compared to immunisation with oE2 (100 mu g) together with the conventional adjuvant Quil-A from the Quillaja saponira (10 mu g) in mice. The oE2/SV-140 as well as the FD oE2/SV-140 nanovaccine generated oE2-specific antibody and cell mediated responses for up to six months post the final second immunisation. Significantly, the cell-mediated responses were consistently high in mice immunised with oE2/SV-140 (1,500 SFU/million cells) at the six-month time point. Histopathology studies showed no morphological changes at the site of injection or in the different organs harvested from the mice immunised with 500 mu g SV-140 nanovaccine compared to the unimmunised control. The platform has the potential for developing single dose vaccines without the requirement of cold chain storage for veterinary and human applications
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