A New Hammerstein Model for Non-Linear System Identification

In the present work a newer type of black box nonlinear model in Hammerstein structure is proposed. The model has Wavelet Network coupled with Orthonormal Basis Functions which is capable of modeling a class of non-linear systems with acceptable accuracy. Wavelet basis functions have the property of localization in both the time and frequency domains which enables wavelet networks to approximate severe non-linearities using few number of parameters. Orthonormal Basis functions possess the ability to approximate any linear time invariant system using appropriate basis functions. The efficacy of the model in modeling is demonstrated using numerical examples

Tension band wiring in a rare case of isolated acromion fracture: a case report

Fracture of the acromion process is an uncommon injury. The most common mechanism of injury is direct trauma to the acromion. Isolated acromion fractures are rare as usually they are associated with concomitant skeletal and soft tissue injuries of the shoulder. We present a case of a 45-year-old male with a type 3 fracture of acromion process with reduction of subacromial space. Patient was managed surgically and fracture was fixed using tension band wiring. Patient was followed up using UCLA, DASH and VAS scores and showed good radiological and functional outcomes. Minimally displaced fractures should be regularly followed up for displacement and sub-acromial space compromise. Although acromion fractures are usually treated conservatively, albeit a higher non-union rate, they should be treated surgically in the event of displacement or sub-acromial space reduction, in order to achieve good functional recovery.

Neglected fracture shaft femur presenting with pseudoaneurysm: a case report

A pseudoaneurysm is a collection of blood leaking from a damaged arterial wall. Development of the false aneurysm is due to either initial injury of the vessel or is a complication of internal fixation of the femoral fracture. Femoral artery pseudoaneurysms (FAPs) may close spontaneously if the tear is small enough to allow for clotting and sealing. On the other hand, rupture of the aneurysm can trigger thrombosis, distal embolization and compression of adjacent structures. We present a case of left superficial femoral arterial pseudoaneurysm in a 36-year-old male with fracture of left femoral shaft. A 36-year-old male with history of road traffic accident presented to our institute with pain and swelling in left thigh. Patient was investigated and diagnosed with fracture left femoral shaft with a pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial femoral artery (SFA). Stenting was done for SFA followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the femoral shaft fracture. Such cases require multidisciplinary approach and a proper planning with involvement of different medical specialities to achieve optimal results and to minimise any intraoperative and post operative complications