EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN INTESTINAL HEALING OF THE DOG : II OBSERVATION ON END-TO-END SMALL INTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS

Wound healing of end-to-end small intestinal anastomosis was studied and compared with previously reported data on side-to-side small intestinal anastomotic wound. The healing process of end-to-end anastomosis was basically similar to that of side-to-side anastomosis. However, an increase in vascularity at the anastomotic site is less severe and mucosal regeneration on the defect is more delayed in end-to-end anastomosis than those in side-to-side anastomosis

CHANGES OF SERUM CYTOKINE ACTIVITIES AND OTHER PARAMETERS IN DOGS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ENDOTOXIC SHOCK

To study the relationship of changes of cytokines in endotoxic shock, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 like activities, together with physiologic and hemodynamic responses, were examined in dogs before and after intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purified from Escherichia coli in a dose of 500 μg/kg of body weight. The blood endotoxin concentration increased significantly at 30 min after LPS administration, and maintained high levels for 24 hr. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values increased at 30 min, and these high values persisted for 24 hr. The platelet count decreased significantly at 30 min, then showed a tendency to recover, but decreased again at 24 hr. Cardiac output, cardiac index and mean arterial pressure showed transient, significant decreases at 15 min, and then returned to the baseline levels by 24 hr. TNF-like activities increased at 30 min, while IL-1-like activities did so between 30 and 60 min. The former reached the maximal levels at 2 hr and the latter at 1.5 hr. Both activities were then hardly detectable from 6 to 24 hr. IL-6-like activities elevated at 1 hr with the peak at 1.5 hr, and remained high until 24 hr

ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND ANGIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF NORMAL CANINE LIVER VESSELS

The aim of this study is to provide a description of the ultrasonographic and angiographic anatomy of the hepatic and portal veins in normal dogs. Knowledge of this anatomy is essential for the proper diagnosis and correction of hepatic vessel anomalies like portal systemic shunts. Cranial mesenteric portography was done in 10 adult mongrel dogs to visualize the portal vein and its branches while the hepatic veins were visualized using the transvenous retrograde angiography method. Longitudinal and transverse ultrasound scans of the liver were done in the same dogs in left and right lateral positions in order to determine the best positions for imaging the different liver vessels. The distribution pattern of the hepatic and portal veins could be demonstrated by both ultrasonography and contrast angiography. Hepatic arteries are not usually visualized ultrasonographically. Ultrasound provided dynamic information that could not be obtained by contrast radiography. Super imposition of all vessels in the angiographic studies made the description of the branches of the liver vessels difficult. The results of the present study suggest that both methods may provide important complementary information in the diagnosis and planning of surgical procedures for the correction of vessel anomalies in the canine liver

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN INTESTINAL HEALING OF THD DOG : IV OBSERVATIONS ON THE VARIOUS TYPES OF ENTEROTOMY

Single-layer and double-layer longitudinal or transverse closure techniques for enterotomy were compared in 6 clinically healthy, mongrel dogs. Each enterotomy technique was made in the jejuno-ileum of the same dog at 15〜20 cm intervals. No leakage occurred with any enterotomy technique. The transverse closure, though less lumen-narrowing than the longitudinal one, produced a marked bending at the site of enterotomy and histologically and angiographically, showed an irregular arrangement of muscularis and their vessels at the enterotomy site. The single-layer, resulted in earlier healing with slight lumen-narrowing than did the two-layer closure methods, had a severe adhesions formation. It is our view that the two-layer longitudinal closure is safer than other methods tested