An Online Database of Illustrative Sentences for Supporting German Writing

This article delineates the general idea of an online German-Japanese sentence database, which is now being developed by the authors at Hiroshima University. The database will serve Japanese learners of German - in their German writing in- and outside the class as a kind of online dictionary with abundant illustrative sentences. The most-likely users are freshmen and sophomores who begin German newly after entering university. On the Internet, there are already plenty of German learning materials for improving passive skills, such as listening, reading, and some kinds of grammar exercises, but it is not the case with writing. For the training of the productive skills like writing, still very important is the role of a human teacher who can care for learners individually, particularly through giving feedback on learners' compositions or free writing assignments. But in reality, it is very difficult to realize under the present institutional frameworks of foreign language learning in Japanese universities: too little learning time (only 90 required hours for absolute beginners), and too big class size (with more than 40 students in a class), to name just a couple of factors. In order to compensate for such disadvantages, writing help devices on Internet have been developed at Hiroshima University (see Iwasaki 2004, Lauer 2003). The database project to be described here is a part of the general project for that purpose. The concerned database has the following characteristics: 1. It will consist of at least 100,000 German illustrated sentences, i.e., approximately 600,000 words by the end of academic year 2004. 2. It makes use of not only a plain exact word search but also some advanced searches, such as wildcard search, phrasesearch, AND/OR- search, and capitalization sensitive/insensitive search. 3. It is not only a German monolingual but also German-Japanese bilingual database that has the same number of Japanese counterparts together with a search function with Japanese key words in it. 4. It provides representative sentences with their sounds, which users can hear via Internet (in MP3 format). 5. It allows users to make a worksheet from the search result by virtue of functions such as sorting, making quizzes by replacing key words with blank spaces, printing, and so on. 6. It will be edited by remote control on Internet, so the collaboration of teachers in its maintenance and expansion is possible. Acknowledgement Our sincere gratitude goes to Dr. Fumiyoshi SHOJI (Assistant Researcher of the Distance Communication Section, Information Media Center, Hiroshima University) for his generous support in implementing sentence data and making the technical devices for our database on Internet

Synthetic Conditions and Color Characteristics of Tantalum Oxynitride Prepared via Liquid- NH

Tantalum oxynitrides, such as TaON, exhibit promising color properties and can be employed as nontoxic yellow pigments containing no heavy metals. We have developed a process for preparing nitrides or oxynitrides involving the vacuum-calcination of a precursor material obtained via reaction between a metal halide and liquid NH3. Herein, we describe the synthetic conditions of the liquid-NH3 process that affect the color, and thus the color characteristics, of the resulting pigments. Reaction and postreaction treatment conditions were adjusted to obtain the desired yellow color. The liquid-NH3 process was performed using 1.0 eq of H2O (relative to TaCl5) as the oxygen source and 30.0 eq of KCl (relative to TaCl5) as flux. Calcination of the precursor at 1073 K under vacuum was followed by recalcination from room temperature to 973 K at rate of 10 K min−1 under air. A powder with a color index of L∗=84.20, a∗=−2.71, and b∗=44.07 was obtained

Anionic ordering in Pb₂Ti₄O₉F₂ revisited by nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory

複合アニオン材料の構造決定における実験と計算の融合的アプローチ. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-10-31.A combination of 19F magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) were used to study the ordering of F atoms in Pb₂Ti₄O₉F₂. This analysis revealed that F atoms predominantly occupy two of the six available inequivalent sites in a ratio of 73 : 27. DFT-based calculations explained the preference of F occupation on these sites and quantitatively reproduced the experimental occupation ratio, independent of the choice of functional. We concluded that the Pb atom's 6s2 lone pair may play a role (∼0.1 eV per f.u.) in determining the majority and minority F occupation sites with partial density of states and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population analyses applied to the DFT wave functions

Anionic ordering in Pb₂Ti₄O₉F₂ revisited by nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory

複合アニオン材料の構造決定における実験と計算の融合的アプローチ. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-10-31.A combination of 19F magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and density functional theory (DFT) were used to study the ordering of F atoms in Pb₂Ti₄O₉F₂. This analysis revealed that F atoms predominantly occupy two of the six available inequivalent sites in a ratio of 73 : 27. DFT-based calculations explained the preference of F occupation on these sites and quantitatively reproduced the experimental occupation ratio, independent of the choice of functional. We concluded that the Pb atom's 6s2 lone pair may play a role (∼0.1 eV per f.u.) in determining the majority and minority F occupation sites with partial density of states and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population analyses applied to the DFT wave functions

Environmental Load Evaluation of Reuse Parts for Automobiles

Abstract Reuse parts are parts removed from scrap automobiles that can be still used. In general, reuse parts reduce not only the cost for replacement of failed parts but also the environmental load. This study quantitatively evaluates environmental loads, such as the amount of CO2 emission during the production of brand new parts, in order to quantify the beneficial effect of the reuse parts. The amount of CO2 emission can be calculated from the power consumption and operating time of each tool and machine employed. Reuse parts generate 0.62 kg of CO2 per automobile when produced, which corresponds to 1,212 kg per year. However, the amount of CO2 emitted from scrapping automobiles without producing new replacement parts is 3,063 kg per year. Therefore, the production of replacement parts emits three times less CO2 than scrapping

Benzylation of hydroxy groups with tertiary amine as a base

The benzylation of hydroxy groups in the presence of tertiary amines is described. A mixture of an alcohol and a benzyl halide afforded the corresponding benzyl ether in good to excellent yields in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. The importance of solventless conditions was observed. The reaction showed high tolerance to many functional groups including benzoate, even at a reaction temperature of 150 °C. Sodium iodide was found to be an efficient catalyst to accelerate the reaction

コーパスを利用したドイツ語学習者用オンライン日独表現データベース(音声付)の作成

研究期間:平成15-16年度 ; 研究種目:基盤研究C2 ; 課題番号:1552035

Synthesis of Nanometer-Sized Particles by Facile Wet Process and Their Photocatalytic Properties

Nanometer-sized WO3 particles were prepared from alkaline alcohol-water mixture with WCI6 and NH3 under reflux. The resultant particles at various NH3/W mole ratios were well crystallized ranging 5–20 nm in diameter and the surface area was in the range of 13.70–32.50 m2g−1. Samples synthesized at NH3/W = 3.2 and 12.9 ratio (mol/mol) had an absorption edge in the visible light range and showed the photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of visible light, and the surface area and the crystallinity of those powders had a strong effect on the photocatalytic degradation. When ln(0/)(0: initial concentration of acetaldehyde, : final concentration of acetaldehyde after irradiation) was plotted against photoirradiation time, the degradation velocity constant () against acetaldehyde estimated from the slope of lines was 12.4 h−1g−1 at NH3/W = 3.2 and 13.9 h−1g−1 at NH3/W = 12.9 ratio (mol/mol), respectively