Milnacipran affects mouse impulsive, aggressive, and depressive-like behaviors in a distinct dose-dependent manner

Serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are widely used for the treatment for major depressive disorder, but these drugs induce several side effects including increased aggression and impulsivity, which are risk factors for substance abuse, criminal involvement, and suicide. To address this issue, milnacipran (0, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg), an SNRI and antidepressant, was intraperitoneally administered to mice prior to the 3-choice serial reaction time task, residente-intruder test, and forced swimming test to measure impulsive, aggressive, and depressive-like behaviors, respectively. A milnacipran dose of 10 mg/kg suppressed all behaviors, which was accompanied by increased dopamine and serotonin levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but not in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Although the most effective dose for depressive-like behavior was 30 mg/kg, the highest dose increased aggressive behavior and unaffected impulsive behavior. Increased dopamine levels in the NAc could be responsible for the effects. In addition, the mice basal impulsivity was negatively correlated with the latency to the first agonistic behavior. Thus, the optimal dose range of milnacipran is narrower than previously thought. Finding drugs that increase serotonin and dopamine levels in the mPFC without affecting dopamine levels in the NAc is a potential strategy for developing novel antidepressants

ドウサンジョウトトウキセイド ト ソノ モンダイテン

多胡圭一教授國井和郎教授退官記念

Analytical study of the dynamical behavior of loading buckets interacting with bulk materials

A new analytical model has been developed to calculate the dynamical behavior of a column on which buckets loading and interacting with bulk materials, such as iron ore and coal with various grain sizes, are set. A set of linear equations of motion was obtained by considering the effective load, the stiffness, and the friction of materials. From the analysis of the equation, the growth of vibration in a column was indicated, which was caused by the cross term of a stiffness matrix because of the interaction between buckets and a material. In addition, bucket speed was found to affect the damping of the vibration through the critical condition ∆xω~v B where ∆x is bucket displacement, ω is the characteristic frequency of a column , and v is bucket speed. A simplified characteristic function was obtained for the stability of a system and compared with the results of a laboratory-scale experiment in order to evaluate the analytical model

アメリカ ホクトウブ ニオケル ショウギョウ ゲイジュツカ タチ ノ アイデンティティ ケイセイ ノ セイジセイ

論

Complexity of the Collision and Near-Collision Attack on SHA-0 with Different Message Schedules

SHA-0 employs a primitive polynomnial of degree 16 over GF(2) in its message schedule. There are 2048 primitive polynomials of degree 16 over GF(2). For each primitive polynomial, a SHA-0 variant can be constructed. In this paper, the security of 2048 variants is analyzed against the Chabaud-Joux attack proposed in CRYPTO\u2798. The analysis shows that all the variants could be collision-attacked by using near-collisions as a tool and thus the replacement of the primitive polynomial is not a proper way to make SHA-0 secure. However, it is shown that the selection of the variants highly affects the complexity of the attack. Furthermore, a collision in the most vulnerable variant is presented. It is obtained by the original Chabaud-Joux attack without any improvements