Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Tenure in Initial Public Offering (IPO) Firms: An Event History Analysis of the Determinants of Turnover

Relying on network theory and power dependence theory, we develop a series of hypotheses that focus on determinants of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) turnover in IPO firms. We studied CEOs who had been with their companies at the IPO with a sample of 120 firms. The results indicate that having outsiders on the board of directors, selling shares at the time of the IPO, and being a part-time CEO all increase the risk of CEO turnover. CEO tenure at the time of the IPO, however, reduces turnover. Contrary to what we expected, being the founder of the company has no effect on CEO turnover

HRM in Multinationals’ Operations in China: Business, People, and HR Issues

This paper presents the results of a study on the HR function in the Chinese operations of large multinational companies. Surveys of both line and HR executives in these firms were conducted. Results reveal that line executives are more sensitive than HR executives to criticality of people management issues as business issues, and that they see HR\u27s strategic orientation as the most critical area for improvement. The challenges and opportunities implied by these results are discussed

Pay and networks in organizations: Incentive redesign as a driver of network change

AbstractResearch summaryWe examine how corporate innovators adapt their intraorganizational networks when firms introduce performance‐based incentive plans that center on the short‐term achievement of individuals' measurable outputs. We postulate that such plans prompt individuals to revise goals and reconfigure their networks accordingly. Using the co‐patenting data, we analyzed cases of this incentive redesign by Japanese electronics firms in the 1990s. We found that the redesign engendered the emergence of more closed and smaller networks in organizations. Although inconsistent, we found some evidence that it promoted corporate innovators to build networks with others with similar expertise. These findings support the notion of incentive‐induced network adaptation and suggest a new theme to study the effects of incentive redesign on network evolution.Managerial summaryResearch suggests that innovators' networks assist with generating novel ideas, and that some structural characteristics encourage innovation. However, knowledge about how managers can create social conditions that promote the emergence of "ideal" networks in their firms is limited. We focus on the effects of incentive redesign and explore how corporate innovators can change their intraorganizational networks when firms introduce performance‐based incentive plans. We found that the redesign engendered the emergence of more closed and smaller networks in organizations. We also obtained some evidence that suggests that the redesign prompts inventors to include those with similar expertise in their networks. Thus, it is possible that managers can use incentive plans to design innovation networks in organizations

Testicular seminoma after the complete remission of extragonadal yolk sac tumor : a case report

BACKGROUND: Between 2% and 5% of malignant germ-cell tumors in men arise at extragonadal sites. Of extragonadal germ cell tumors, testicular carcinoma in situ (CIS) are present in 31–42% of cases, and CIS are reported to have low sensitivity to chemotherapy in spite of the various morphology and to have a high likelihood of developing into testicular tumors. A testicular biopsy may thus be highly advisable when evaluating an extragonadal germ cell tumor. CASE PRESENTATION: A 36-year-old man was diagnosed as having an extragonadal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, that was treated by cisplatin-based chemotherapy, leading to a complete remission. In the meantime, testicular tumors were not detected by means of ultrasonography. About 4 years later, a right testicular tumor was found, and orchiectomy was carried out. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of seminoma. CONCLUSIONS: We herein report a case of metachronous occurrence of an extragonadal and gonadal germ cell tumor. In the evaluation of an extragonadal germ cell tumor, a histological examination should be included since ultrasonography is not sufficient to detect CIS or minute lesions of the testis

Risk of female athlete triad development in Japanese collegiate athletes is related to sport type and competitive level

Introduction: Menstrual dysfunction, musculoskeletal injury, and poor nutrition combine to form the female athlete triad (FAT), which results in serious health consequences for affected athletes. To this point, the risk factors of this phenomenon have not been fully explored in Japanese female college athletes. Additionally, the effect of competitive level on FAT risk factors has also not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to examine FAT risk factors in Japanese female athletes of various sports as well as examine the impact of competitive level on FAT.Methods: A Japanese-language survey was completed by 531 athletes and 20 nonathletes at two Japanese universities and answers with regard to menstrual status, musculoskeletal injury, nutrition, and other variables were analyzed based on classification of the sports into nine distinct groups based on activity type. Sport intensity, training volume, and competitive levels were used to further classify each sport. One-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS were carried out to analyze significance for relationships between sport intensity and FAT risk factors. Additionally, the relationship between competitive level and FAT risk factors was analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests.Results: Sport intensity was positively correlated with a delay in menarche as well as dysmenorrhea and poor nutrition while musculoskeletal injury was correlated with repetitive, high-training volume sports. Lower competitive levels increased dysmenorrhea but did not impact injury status or nutrition.Conclusion: Sport intensity and training volume, but not competitive level, are the critical factors affecting FAT risk in Japanese female college athletes

Interim Rank Biases of Subjective Performance Evaluation in Contests

Although research on contests has shown that the unique characteristics of contests generate specific behavioral patterns between contestants, we know little about the ways in which such characteristics influence evaluators who subjectively assess contestants’ performance. We investigate cognitive errors of performance evaluations in contests and propose that the evaluators’ subjective performance assessments can be biased and distorted because of evaluators’ expectations that contestants perform poorly if they have limited opportunities for upward mobility and face significant threats of downward mobility (i.e., the interim ranking effects). An analysis of figure skating competition data supports our predictions