Evaluation of the effect of carbamazepine on gonadal development in female rats

چکیده: ‏ زمینه و هدف: کاربامازپین یکی از داروهای موثر در درمان صرع می باشد و استفاده از آن همراه با اثرات تراتوژنیک است. ‏هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر کاربامازپین بر تکوین غدد جنسی موش صحرایی ماده ‏می باشد.‏ روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی60 سر موش صحرایی باردار به 2 دسته تقسیم شدند که هر دسته شامل گروه های ‏کنترل، شم، دوزهای ‏‎ mg/kg‏10، 15 و 30 داروی کاربامازپین بودند. تمامی تزریق ها به صورت درون صفاقی در روزهای ‏‏18-14 بارداری (تکوین جنینی غدد جنسی)، و در روزهای 10-0 پس از تولد (تکوین پس از تولد غدد جنسی) انجام شد. ‏به زاده های هردو گروه اجازه داده شد تا به سن 7 هفته برسند. سپس تخمدان راست آنها خارج و مورد رنگ آمیزی بافتی ‏هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین قرارگرفتند . داده ها با استفاده از آنالیز آماری یک و دوطرفه ‏ANOVA‏ و آزمون تعقیبی‎ ‎Tukeyتجزیه و تحلیل شدند. ‏ یافته ها: نتایج حاصل نشان می دهد که استفاده از کاربامازپین سبب افزایش تعداد اووسیت های اولیه و کاهش تعداد ‏اووسیت های ثانویه، فولیکول گراف و جسم زرد می گردد. در مقایسه بین گروه های تکوین جنینی و پس از تولد، مشاهده ‏می شود که تعداد اوسیت های اولیه فقط در دوز‎ mg/kg‏ 30 تکوین جنینی افزایش معنی داری در سطح (‏

Antinociceptive effects of methanolic extract of Allium paradoxum in mice in Hot-plate and writhing tests

Introduction: Pain is a kind of problem that almost all humans have experienced. Although it does not require treatment in mild cases, pharmacotherapy is essential in severe ones. Various drugs are currently being used for this purpose. One of the problems with all these drugs is high rate of side effects. Therefore, there is always a desire for discovering and use of compounds that, despite high efficacy, have fewer side effects. Some natural substances have such criteria. Many pharmacological activities have been reported for Allium paradoxum. The aim of present study was to investigate analgesic activities of its aerial parts extract for the first time. Methods and Results: Total phenolic and flavonoids were measured by colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Analgesic activity of methanolic extract was evaluated by Hot plate and acetic acid induced Writhing test on male Balb/C mice. Extracts showed significant Analgesic activity in both models. In writhing test extract showed significant analgesic activity in all doses tested compered to control group and reduced writhing behaviors (p<0.001). In Hot plate test Extract caused increase in pain threshold compared to control specifically in 30th minute of the test (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our studies indicate that Allium paradoxum showed significant analgesic activity. It produced dose dependent effect on both models. These results introduced this plant as easily accessible source of natural analgesics

The Role of Personality Characteristics in Differentiating Different Family Types

ABSTRACT The current study has investigated differences among different family types based on family process and content model considering personality characteristics. 147 married men and women were asked to answer items of family content and process scales and short version of NEO's personality inventory. Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of Variance method. Findings showed that there were significant differences among different family types in terms of their personality characteristics, except for Openness to experience. Healthy families reported higher Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeablenessand lower ones in Neuroticism compared to unhealthy and problematic families. Also, problematic families reported higher Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness and lower Neuroticism in comparison with unhealthy families

Early and late preventive effect of Nigella sativa on the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: An experimental study

Objective: Pulmonary fibhrosis is a disease of the connective tissues in the respiratory system. Nigella sativa has been used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases like asthma. This study investigated the early and late preventive effect of methanolic extract of N. sativa on a bleomycin- induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using 52 rats. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single endotracheal injection of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). Extract of N. sativa (500 mg/kg per day) or methylprednisolone succinate (4 mg/kg per day) was injected intraperitoneally in two periods (i.e. days 1-14 as early preventive group and days 15-28 days as late preventive group). The lung tissues were histologically examined at the end of each period and inspected for the amount of hydroxyproline and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results: The pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were significantly decreased in groups treated with methylprednisolone and N. sativa extract compared to bleomycin group in both early and late prevention groups (

The relationship between psychological factors and maternal social support to breastfeeding process

Introduction: Childbirth is a stressful factor that can trigger disorders such as depression in women. The various problems characteristic to the puerperal period make mothers more prone than ever to stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between psychological factors and social support and breastfeeding process in mothers presenting to healthcare centers in Shahrood, Iran. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 465 mothers with infants aged one to six months, presenting to Shahrood healthcare centers in 2015-16. Data were obtained using a researcher-designed demographic and breastfeeding questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were analyzed in SPSS-18 using measures of central tendency, the Chi-square test, the t-test, Mann-Whitney’s test and Fisher's exact test and Logistic Regression Model. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 68.4% in the study population. The results revealed a significant relationship between state and trait anxiety and exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.004 and p=0.006, respectively). According to the results of the logistic regression, each unit of increase in the mother’s mean state of anxiety protects the chances of non-exclusive breastfeeding up to about 54% (OR=0.462). Conclusion: The findings suggest that maternal anxiety can reduce the chances of exclusive breastfeeding. It is therefore recommended to actively monitor and manage maternal anxiety in the postpartum period so as to support exclusive breastfeedin

A Path Analysis of the Effects of Mental Health and Socio-personal Factors on Breastfeeding Problems in Infants Aged Less than Six Months

Background: Despite the large number of studies conducted on breastfeeding, no studies have yet examined the direct and indirect effects of socio-personal factors and mental health on breastfeeding. Aim: This study aimed to analyze of the effects of mental health and socio-personal factors on breastfeeding in infants aged less than six months. Method: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 465 eligible mothers visiting general health centers in a northern city of Iran, in 2015. Data were collected using the researcher-made scale of socio-personal factors of breastfeeding, Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, the Breastfeeding Difficulties Questionnaire, the Access to Healthcare Questionnaire, and the Poor Health Behaviors Questionnaire. Results: The path analysis of the mental health variables showed that breastfeeding problems are associated through a direct path with depression, through an indirect path with stress, and through both paths with anxiety; a positive correlation was thus observed between these variables and breastfeeding problems. Poor health behaviors also contributed to mothers’ breastfeeding problems through a direct path and indirectly by affecting their level of depression. Income had the highest positive effect (B=0.66), while the number of children had the highest negative effect (B=-3.16) on breastfeeding problems through a direct path. Poor health behaviors had the highest positive effect (B=0.75) and family support had the highest negative effect (B=-0.11) on breastfeeding. Implications for Practice: The early diagnosis of poor postpartum mental health in mothers can help reduce breastfeeding problems

Cadmium and copper absorption by Eisenia fetida in the presence of different concentrations of microplastics

Background: Soil serves as the primary repository for microplastics, yet their impact on soil-dwelling organisms remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to investigate the influence of varying concentrations of microplastics in soil on the absorption of Cd and Cu by Eisenia fetida within an artificial soil matrix. Methods: The artificial soil consisted of kaolinite clay (20% dry weight), quartz sand (70% dry weight), and Sphagnum peat (10% dry weight). Microplastics, derived from worn-out tire rubber, were incorporated into the soil to establish four concentration levels: 5, 25, 50, and 100 grams of tire microplastics per 500 grams of dry soil. Each treatment was inoculated with ten mature earthworms, weighing between 3.0 and 5.0 grams. After 14 days, samples were collected for ICP analysis. Results: : The highest accumulation of both metals was observed in treatments with 25, 50, and 100 grams of tire microplastics. The results demonstrated significant disparities in copper and cadmium accumulation in the tissue samples following the introduction of tire wear particles, indicating an augmenting effect of tire particles on metal uptake by the samples. Statistically notable reductions (p < 0.05) in Cd and Cu concentrations were noted in both the control soil and soil containing microplastics, particularly in the 100-gram microplastic treatment for Cd and the 50-gram microplastic treatment for Cu. Conclusion: Exposure to a combination of microplastics, Cd, and Cu has more pronounced adverse effects on E. fetida, and microplastics enhance the bioavailability of heavy metal ions within the soil environment

Efficiency Effectiveness of Photochemical and Sonochemical Processes Combined with Hydrogen Peroxide in Degradation of Basic Violet 16 (BV16) from Aqueous Solutions: A Kinetic Study

Background & Objectives: Cationic dyes such as basic violet have many applications in different industries. The degradation of basic violet by means of UV, UV/H2O2, US, and US/H2O2 processes was investigated. Materials and Methods: Photolysis process was accomplished in a laboratory-scale batch photoreactor equipped with a 55 W immersed-type low-pressure mercury vapor lamp (UVC) and sonolysis process was investigated in a sonoreactor with high frequency (130 KHZ) Plate Type transducer at 100 W of acoustic power with emphasis on the effect of various parameters and addition of Na2SO4 on discoloration and degradation efficiency. Results: Complete decolonization of cationic BV 16 was achieved in 8 minutes using UV/H2O2 process. In addition, it was found that sonochemical decolorization is a less efficient process, comparing with photochemical process, as the decolorization proceeds to only 65% within 120 min. Low concentration of dye and natural pH resulting from dissolution of salt favors the degradation rate of dye. The results showed that sodium sulfate enhances the rate of sonochemical degradation of dye. In addition, kinetic parameters were obtained by application of first order equations. Conclusion: The results showed that UV/H2O2 and US/H2O2 processes can be effective in the removal of BV16 from aqueous solutions. Considering dye removal efficiency and availability, photochemical process combined with hydrogen peroxide can be recommended as a fast effective method for removal of dyes from aqueous solutions

Effects of dietary short- and medium-chain fatty acids on performance, carcass traits, jejunum morphology, and serum parameters of broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; C4 powder) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs; Bergaprime) on performance, carcass characteristics, and some serum parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 200 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to five dietary treatments, including control diets (C), C plus Virginiamycin (200 g/ton; ANTI) as positive control, C plus MCFAs supplement (1 kg Bergaprime/ton; M), C plus SCFAs supplement (3 kg C4 powder/ton in starter and 1.5 kg/ton in grower and finisher diets; S), and C plus the combination of SCFAs and MCFAs supplement (SM), as mentioned above according to a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates with 10 chicks each. There were no significant differences in body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio, and carcass traits among the treatments. SCFAs and MCFAs treatments had higher heterophil and lower lymphocyte percentage compared to the control treatment. Blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations were decreased in MCFAs and SCFAs (p < .05). Lipid percentage of thigh meat of MCFAs and SCFAs was decreased. These results indicated that dietary MCFAs and SCFAs positively decreased broiler chicken meat

Comparison of lifestyle in fertile and infertile couples in Kermanshah during 2013

Background: Infertility is a major reproductive health in gynecology. According to the world health organization, there are currently 50-80 million infertile couples in the world. Objective: Considering the critical effects of lifestyle on reproductive health, this study aimed to compare the lifestyle of fertile and infertile couples in Kermanshah during 2013. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive cross sectional study that was done on 216 fertile and infertile couples attending Infertility Center and six medical centers that were selected through the convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic and fertility-related information and also lifestyle items on nutrition, physical activity, perceived social support, responsibility for health, and inappropriate health behaviors. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis, independent t, chi-square and Generalized Estimating equation were performed to analyze the data. Results: Fertile and infertile women (86.1% and 73. 1% respectively, p= 0. 03) as well as fertile and infertile men were significantly different in terms of physical activity (87% and 96.3% p<0.001, respectively) and perceived social support (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference between fertile and infertile women in nutrition (p<0.001). Similar differences were observed in responsibility for health and inappropriate health behaviors between fertile and infertile men. However, all of the dimensions of lifestyle, except nutrition, were significantly different between fertile and infertile couples. Conclusion: As lifestyle plays a crucial role in reproductive health, the inappropriate lifestyle of infertile couples has to be modified through effective measures such as awareness promotion, behavioral changes, and development of a healthy environment