12,762 research outputs found
Quantum Information Paradox: Real or Fictitious?
One of the outstanding puzzles of theoretical physics is whether quantum
information indeed gets lost in the case of Black Hole (BH) evaporation or
accretion. Let us recall that Quantum Mechanics (QM) demands an upper limit on
the acceleration of a test particle. On the other hand, it is pointed out here
that, if a Schwarzschild BH would exist, the acceleration of the test particle
would blow up at the event horizon in violation of QM. Thus the concept of an
exact BH is in contradiction of QM and quantum gravity (QG). It is also
reminded that the mass of a BH actually appears as an INTEGRATION CONSTANT of
Einstein equations. And it has been shown that the value of this integration
constant is actually zero. Thus even classically, there cannot be finite mass
BHs though zero mass BH is allowed. It has been further shown that during
continued gravitational collapse, radiation emanating from the contracting
object gets trapped within it by the runaway gravitational field. As a
consequence, the contracting body attains a quasi-static state where outward
trapped radiation pressure gets balanced by inward gravitational pull and the
ideal classical BH state is never formed in a finite proper time. In other
words, continued gravitational collapse results in an "Eternally Collapsing
Object" which is a ball of hot plasma and which is asymptotically approaching
the true BH state with M=0 after radiating away its entire mass energy. And if
we include QM, this contraction must halt at a radius suggested by highest QM
acceleration. In any case no EH is ever formed and in reality, there is no
quantum information paradox.Comment: 8 pages in Pramana Style, 6 in Revtex styl
Altitude distribution, origin and flux of sodium in the atmosphere
Sodium equilibrium altitude distribution, origin, and flux calculated for earth atmospher
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A co-operative parallel heuristic for integer linear programming: Combining simulated annealing with branch & bound
This paper considers the exact approach of branch and bound (B&B) and the metaheuristic known as simulated annealing (SA) for processing integer programs (IP). We extend an existing SA implementation (GPSIMAN) for pure zero–one integer programs (PZIP) to process a wider class of IP models, namely mixed zero–one integer programs (MZIP). The extensions are based on depth-first B&B searches at different points within the SA framework. We refer to the resultant SA implementation as MIPSA. Furthermore, we have exploited the use of parallel computers by designing a co-operative parallel heuristic whereby concurrent executions of B&B and MIPSA, linked through a parallel computer, exchange information in order to influence their searches. Results reported for a wide range of models taken from a library of MIP benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of using a parallel computing approach which combines B&B with SA
An integrative quantifier of multistability in complex systems based on ecological resilience
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) via the Young Investigators Group CoSy-CC2 (grant no. 01LN1306A). C.M. acknowledges the support of Bedartha Goswami, Jobst Heitzig and Tim Kittel.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Comments on the paper ``Bare Quark Surfacees of Strange Stars and Electron-Positron Pair Emission''
In a recent paper (Ushov, PRL, 80, 230, 1998), it has been claimed that the
bare surface of a strange star can emit electron-positron pairs of luminosity
\~10^{51} ergs/s for about 10s. If true, obviously, this mechanism may explain
the origin of cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts. However, we point out that such a
mechanism is does not work because (i) if pair production really occurs the
supposed pre-existing supercritical electric field will be quenched and this
discharge process may at best release ~10^{24} ergs of electromagnetic energy,
and (ii) there is no way by which the trapped core thermal energy of few
10^{52} ergs can be transmitted electromagnetically on a time scale of ~10s or
even on a much larger time scale. The only way the hot core can cool on a time
scale of ~10 s or much shorter is by the well known process of emission of
nu-antinu pairs.Comment: Final version accepted in Phy. Rev. Lett. Main conclusion that the
mechanism by Usov does not work remains unchanged,
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Current driven quantum criticality in itinerant electron ferromagnets
We determine the effect of an in-plane current flow on the critical
properties of a 2d itinerant electron system near a ferromagnetic-paramagnetic
quantum critical point. We study a model in which a nonequilibrium steady state
is established as a result of exchange of particles and energy with an
underlying substrate. the current gives rise not only to an effective
temperature equal to the voltage drop over a distance of order the mean free
path, but also to symmetry breaking terms of the form in the effective action. The effect of the symmetry breaking on
the fluctuational and critical properties is found to be small although (in
agreement with previous results) if rotational degrees of freedom are
important, the current can make the classically ordered state dynamically
unstable.Comment: 4 pages, published versio
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