Professionalism in residency training: A compilation of desirable behaviors and a case-based comparison between pathologists in training and practice

Professionalism is one of the most important competencies for physicians but is also the most difficult to teach, assess, and manage. To better understand professionalism in pathology, we surveyed practicing pathologists and pathology residents and fellows in training. We identified 12 key desirable attributes of professionalism. In addition, 8 case scenarios highlighting unprofessional behavior were presented, and results between pathologists in practice and in training were compared. No significant differences between attending pathologists and residents were identified in how these cases should be managed. Our study demonstrated remarkable concordance between practicing pathologists and residents as to what constitutes professionalism and how to manage unprofessional behavior. Our case-based approach can be a useful technique to teach professionalism to both pathologists in practice and in training

Binary molecular diffusivities in liquids: prediction and comparison with experimental data

The Eyring rate theory equation has been modified successfully to enable predictions of binary molecular diffusivities for a wide variety of liquid-liquid systems. The activation free energy for binary diffusion has been evaluated in terms of the activation free energies for self diffusion of the solvent and solute. This was accomplished through the use of regular solution theory by relating the bond breaking energy of the jump step to the bond breaking energy in evaporation. Diffusivities estimated by this equation and the equations developed by Olander, by Gainer and Metzner, and by Wilke and Chang were compared with experimental data. All of the equations tested predicted adequately the diffusivities for most low viscosity as well as for some moderately high viscosity systems. The high viscosity system diffusivities are more accurately predicted by three modified absolute rate theory equations. An important result of this study was the observation that the jump step portion of the total activation energies generally constituted from 0 to 35 percent of the total energy for all of the modified absolute rate theory equations --Abstract, page i

Species composition and pasture productivity of Bermudagrass-fesue-legume combinations for yearling beef steers

A beef-steer (Bos sp.) grazing experiment was conducted on a Typic Hapludalfs soil. The 1.2 ha pastures were (1) Midland (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) + fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)(25) + N, (2) Midland + fescue(25) + legumes, (3) Midland + fescue(50) + legumes, (4) fescue + legumes, (5) 1/3 annual grasses + N and 2/3 fescue + legumes in separate pastures (0.4 and 0.8 ha), (6) common (C. dactylon var. dactylon) + fescue(25) + legumes, and (7) orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) + ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.). Legumes refer to overseedings of ladino clover, red clover (T. pratense L.) and lespedeza (Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) H & A). The 25 and 50 refer to the distances in cm between fescue rows at seeding. Annual grasses were a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) seeded in mid-May and rye (Secale cereale L.)-ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seeded in early September each year. Annual grass pastures received 134 kg N ha-1 year-1, Midland + fescue(25) + N pastures received 290 kg N ha-1 year-1. Pastures were grazed continuously. Forage growth and consumption were estimated by the cage and strip method. Yearling beef steers weighing 230 kg in the spring grazed 131 to 168 days and were weighed at 21-day intervals. Forage consumption was 62% or more of forage growth, which ranged from 6786 to 14232 kg/ha. Crude protein was well above the minimum requirement for growing steers. Neutral- and acid-detergent fiber ranged from 63 to 67%, and from 39 to 43%, respectively. Stocking rates were between 3.2 and 7.7 steer/ha. Average daily gains (ADG) were greatest on Orchardgrass + clover (869 g/day) and ranged from 478 to 821 g/day for the other treatments. Productivity ranged between 591 animal grazing days/ha for Common + fescue(25.) + legumes and 1537 for Midland + fescue(25), and ranged from 605 to 833 for the other pastures. Daily forage dry matter (DM) intake was 6.3 to 15.3 kg/steer, with conversion efficiencies of about 12 to 20 kg DM/kg gain. Beef production-was 630, 474, 510, 597, 431, 392, and 545 kg/ha for treatments 1-7, respectively. The Species Composition Index (SCI) was evaluated in relation to the-effects of year, season, grazing pressure, forage quality, precipitation, and air temperature on forage growth and consumption, and animal performance. It was compared to the traditional classification variable \u27treatment\u27 to describe the seven different pasture combinations. When treatment was entered into the model to explain total variation in forge growth and consumption, ADG, and beef production, R2\u27s of 0.15, 0.32, 0.34, and 0.36 were obtained respectively; when SCI was used, they were 0.36, 0.51, 0.53, and 0.56

Factors that Influence an Administrator's Decision to Seek Dismissal of Tenured Teachers

The purpose of this study was to identify factors important in teacher termination decisions and to create and to test that model using survey responses for Missouri public administrators. The independent variables chosen were broken into five (5) scales: time commitment; teacher experience; structural support and policies; building climate; and, union support for the teacher. Multiple regression correlation was used to analyze the data and determine if any of the five factors were statistically significant predictors in an administrator's decision to dismiss poor tenured teachers. The study found two weak factors that influenced an administrator's decision to seek dismissal of a tenured teacher. Teacher experience and building climate were found to be related to the administrator's decision to seek dismissal. The overall model accounted for about four percent of the total variance

Salinity and Secchi Disc Records for Back Bay, Virginia (1925-1989)

All available salinity and water clarity data for Back Bay, Virginia were edited for this manuscript. Quantitative salinity records commence in 1925. These are comprehensive and extend to 1989 except for a major interruption in the 1940\u27s and 1950\u27s. Quantitative water clarity records (Secchi disc visibility) commence in 1959 and are continuous to 1989 with only a few years missing. Since 1925 the water in Back Bay has fluctuated from fresh (less than 0.5 ppt) to brackish (generally oligohaline, 0.5-3.0 ppt). Fresh to slightly brackish (less than 1.0 ppt) conditions existed from the late 1930\u27s to early 1962, from 1975 to late 1978, and in 1989. For the remainder of this 65-year period, the salinity generally ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 ppt. The higher salinity periods were 1933-34, 1936 and 1962. These were caused by voluminous intrusions of ocean water induced by hurricanes or northeastern storms. Secchi disc visibility was generally 20 to 30 inches from 1959-60 and 1965-80. During most of this period, the frequency of occurrence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in transect samples was more than 50%. From 1981 to 1989, water clarity greatly deteriorated with Secchi disc readings of only 6 to 12 inches. This increase in turbidity is attributed to the suspension of soil particles by increased wave action following a decline in SAV. Since 1980 the frequency of occurrence of SAV has been less than 5%. Without rooted, aquatic plants to stabilize the substrate, the sediment is kept in suspension by wave action

Nutrient and Total Suspended Solids Data for Back Bay (1986-1989)

Surface water samples from Back Bay, Virginia were analyzed for nutrient and total suspended solids on a monthly basis from April, 1986 through December, 1989. The concentrations of total phosphorus, erthophosphate, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, and total ammonia generally fell within the normal range and did not indicate high nutrient loading. However, the concentrations of total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen were high, exceeding EPA reference levels. Soil particles kept in suspension by wind driven wave action was the primary factor for the high concentration of total suspended solids. The high concentration of total Kjeldahl nitrogen was due to an abundance of organic matter, primarily plant detritus and plankton. Seasonal patterns were noted for nitrite and nitrate nitrogen, total ammonia, total suspended solids and total Kjeldahl nitrogen

Impact of Salinity Changes on Fish Populations in Back Bay, Virginia, 1950-1989

Studies conducted of Back Bay during 1950-51 and 1959-62 showed the fish populations were dominated by freshwater species. Major species included largemouth bass, channel catfish, yellow perch and carp. The average salinities during the study periods were below 0. 7 ppt. Salt water was pumped into the Bay by the City of Virginia Beach from 1965-1973 increasing the average salinity to 2.8 ppt. When pumping was discontinued in 1973, salinity decreased to pre-pumping levels until August, 1978. The fish population was surveyed in 1978, 1979 and 1980 when it was again found to be dominated by freshwater species, providing an outstanding sport fishery for largemouth bass, black crappie and bluegill. The City resumed saltwater pumping in August, 1978 and continued to August, 1987 maintaining salinities from 1.7 to 5.3 ppt. Surveys conducted during 1985 and 1986 showed the (freshwater) fishery had shifted to predominantly brackish/marine species, which included bay anchovy, white perch, spot and Atlantic menhaden. The results from rotenone and trawl/seine samples showed the fish population comprised of 74 to 97 percent brackish/marine species. After pumping was discontinued the salinity gradually declined to less than 1.0 ppt by 1989. Fish population surveys during 1989 showed an increase in freshwater fishes, mainly in the tributary creeks and canals, where over 60 percent of the fishes were freshwater

The role of skills: from worklessness to sustainable employment with progression : UK Commission for Employment and Skills Evidence Report no. 38

This study is shaped by the recognition that while there has been a great deal of policy development around the transition from unemployment and inactivity to employment over the last decade, policy can still be informed about how best to nurture sustainable employment for those at risk of labour market exclusion. There remain challenges associated with, for example, the cost-effectiveness of intervention, the „low pay no pay‟ cycle and access to training. As a consequence, the opportunities for sustainable progression, upward social mobility and alleviating poverty remain unrealised for many workers in lower paid occupations. The methodology underpinning this study is predominantly based on a literature search and review of the research and evidence base post 2005. This is supplemented with the development of four international case studies (Australia, Denmark, Germany, United States contained in a separate annex) and an e-consultation with country experts

Preliminary soils investigation -- Club View Estates Townhouses, Ahuimanu Subdivision, Hawaii

W.O. 141Sections: introduction, soil conditions, site description, proposed development, field exploration, laboratory tests, recommendations, unified soil classification system, direct shear tests, consolidation tests, maximum density tests, expansion tests, natural density tests, natural moisture contents, and site plan.Dan Ostrow Construction Compan