3,744 research outputs found
How cranial surgery was performed in Italy during the centuries after the Roman Empire but before the rise of the Medieval universities:Integrating paleopathology and medical history
Increasing Participation of Women in Agriculture Through Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Outreach Methods
With a focus on the Commonwealth of Virginia, we reviewed literature and data associated with the prevalence and persistence of women\u27s engagement in agriculture from youth-focused programs through to college and employment in order to learn which models of outreach may best attract women to and retain women in agricultural careers. We found that girls in Virginia have strong participation in early agriculture-related activities but that women constitute the minority of primary farm owners. Our systematic literature review shows that using science, technology, engineering, and math models of outreach and reframing agriculture as a career that builds communities and cares for the planet can engage more women in agriculture
Lake Whatcom Bathymetry and Morphology
Our objective for this study was to produce an accurate and usable bathymetric model and morphological data for Lake Whatcom to replace that produced by Lighthart et al. (1972). Herein, we summarize the techniques used to convert the 1999 the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) hydrographic survey soundings and shoreline contours of Lake Whatcom into metric units and a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) bathymetry model. We also describe the procedures used to delineate the major lake basins and to calculate surface area, water volumes, and other morphometric parameters for each basin and the lake as a whole
Ruffle&Riley: Towards the Automated Induction of Conversational Tutoring Systems
Conversational tutoring systems (CTSs) offer learning experiences driven by
natural language interaction. They are known to promote high levels of
cognitive engagement and benefit learning outcomes, particularly in reasoning
tasks. Nonetheless, the time and cost required to author CTS content is a major
obstacle to widespread adoption. In this paper, we introduce a novel type of
CTS that leverages the recent advances in large language models (LLMs) in two
ways: First, the system induces a tutoring script automatically from a lesson
text. Second, the system automates the script orchestration via two LLM-based
agents (Ruffle&Riley) with the roles of a student and a professor in a
learning-by-teaching format. The system allows a free-form conversation that
follows the ITS-typical inner and outer loop structure. In an initial
between-subject online user study (N = 100) comparing Ruffle&Riley to simpler
QA chatbots and reading activity, we found no significant differences in
post-test scores. Nonetheless, in the learning experience survey, Ruffle&Riley
users expressed higher ratings of understanding and remembering and further
perceived the offered support as more helpful and the conversation as coherent.
Our study provides insights for a new generation of scalable CTS technologies.Comment: NeurIPS'23 GAIED, Camera-read
Gravity-wave momentum fluxes in the mesosphere over Ascension Island (8°  S, 14°  W) and the anomalous zonal winds of the semi-annual oscillation in 2002
Anomalously strong westward winds during the first phase of the equatorial mesospheric semi-annual oscillation (MSAO) have been attributed to unusual filtering conditions producing exceptional gravity-wave fluxes. We test this hypothesis using meteor-radar measurements made over Ascension Island (8°  S, 14°  W). An anomalous wind event in 2002 of −85.5  ms−1 occurred simultaneously with the momentum fluxes of high-frequency gravity waves reaching the largest observed westward values of −29  m2 s−2 and strong westward wind accelerations of −510  ms−1 day−1. However, despite this strong wave forcing during the event, no unusual filtering conditions or significant increases in wave-excitation proxies were observed. Further, although strong westward wave-induced accelerations were also observed during the 2006 MSAO first phase, there was no corresponding simultaneous response in westward wind. We thus suggest that strong westward fluxes/accelerations of high-frequency gravity waves are not always sufficient to produce anomalous first-phase westward MSAO winds and other forcing may be significant
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