Internet-Facilitated Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children.

This bulletin summarizes findings from the Internet‐Facilitated Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (IF‐CSEC) component of the 2006 Second National Juvenile Online Victimization study. Following are some key findings from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention‐sponsored study: • An estimated 569 arrests for IF‐CSEC were made in the United States in 2006; more than half of the arrests involved the offender marketing and selling child pornography. • Most offenders (83%) purchased child pornography or sex with a minor, but an important minority (17%) profited from the exploitation. Profiteers appeared to be more seasoned offenders who were involved in larger, organized networks of criminals, such as prostitution and human trafficking rings. • Many offenders (39%) were acquaintances of the IF‐CSEC victims, 23% were family members, and 17% were people the victims had met online. The rest were mostly pimps. • Compared with victims of Internet sexual crimes that do not involve a commercial aspect, a greater per‐ centage of IF‐CSEC victims, as part of the current crime, were assaulted, given drugs or alcohol, and were the subject of child pornography

A Content Analysis of Youth Internet Safety Programs: Are Effective Prevention Strategies Being Used?

ABSTRACT: Almost half of youth in the U.S. report receiving internet safety education (ISE) in their schools. Unfortunately, we know little about what educational messages make a difference in problems such as cyberbullying, sexting, or online predators. To consider directions for improving effectiveness, a content analysis was conducted on materials from four ISE programs. Results indicate that ISE programs are mostly not incorporating proven educational strategies. Common ISE messages have proliferated without a clear rationale for why they would be effective. It is recommended that program developers and other stakeholders reconsider ISE messages, improve educational strategies, and participate in evaluation. The field must also consider whether ISE messages would be better delivered through broader youth safety prevention programs versus stand-alone lessons

A Systematic Review of Effective Youth Prevention Education: Implications for Internet Safety Education.

ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades, a wide array of internet safety education materials and programs have developed to increase positive youth behavior and safety online. Although it is a new area of prevention, programs should incorporate practices that prior prevention evaluation studies tell us work best. To inform internet safety education, 31 youth prevention education meta-analyses across a wide range of youth prevention (substance abuse, risky sex behavior, delinquency, etc.) were coded to identify prevention program characteristics shown by research to be most effective. The review identified that active, skill-based lessons, focused on research based causal and risk factors, and provided with adequate dosage were key. Such strategies must be included as a starting place when developing prevention in new areas of youth risk concerns. Implications of the finding suggest some need for reevaluating how internet safety education is delivered in the future

Trends in Unwanted Online Experiences and Sexting : Final Report

This bulletin summarizes findings from the Third Youth Internet Safety Survey (YISS‐3). Topics include youth reports of unwanted sexual solicitations, online harassment, unwanted exposure to sexual material, and “sexting.

Making Meaning of Mindfulness in the Lives of Law School Students: A Phenomenological Study

The purpose of this study phenomenological study was to understand how law school students make meaning of mindfulness as it relates to stress during law school. The Monitoring and Acceptance Theory guided this research study to understand the meaning of mindfulness and stress associated with law school. The Self-determination Theory tenet of autonomy also increased the ability to understand a mindfulness approach to managing stress. The central question of the study is: What are the lived experiences of law students and their mindfulness practice? The phenomenological study was grounded in constructivist methodology and viewed the truth as relative, and values the role of individuals’ construction of their own meaning and interpretation. The study consisted of ten participants, including first-, second- and third-year law students who practiced mindfulness during law school. The data collected was through journaling, individual interviews, and focus group interviews. Confidentiality for participants was maintained by using pseudonyms. The data analysis used patterns, themes and content analysis. The validity was a triangulation of participants with participant reviews. Inductive analysis was used to discover patterns in the study. Transcendental-phenomenological reduction was used to analyze the qualitative data. The research was designed to understand how law students make meaning of mindfulness as it relates to law school stress

An Evaluation of the Transferability of Manufacturing-Derived Lean Improvement Tools and Techniques to the Local Government Sector

The unsustainable increases in public spending have resulted in extreme pressure from the UK Government in the Local Government (LG) sector to improve performance, service and efficiency. The Lean philosophy, which is an approach to reduce waste, was developed within the Manufacturing sector and has been used in manufacturing organisations to improve operational performance for over 30 years. This research investigated the transferability of the Lean philosophy from the Manufacturing sector to LG. The research was conducted in conjunction with North East Consultants (NEC) whose manufacturing derived lean model has been the vehicle for evaluating the issue of transferability to the LG sector. Case study research was undertaken within three local authorities and nine detailed case studies have been completed, each covering a lean intervention within a different area of business within LG. Data collection for each case study involved extensive semi-structured interviews to collect rich qualitative data from (i) lean consultants, (ii) LG senior management and (iii) LG lean team members, in addition to quantitative data on intervention performance. Individual and cross case analysis has identified that the Lean philosophy is transferable into this particular setting and can deliver improvements of the range expected, but that the LG setting is very different from the Manufacturing sector in terms of the variation, nature and outputs of the processes contained within it. In addition, a number of significant model deficiencies have been identified. These deficiencies which can be considered to impede the success, adoption and sustainability of the Lean philosophy within LG cover both model content and delivery and can broadly be categorised as: (i) the inappropriate selection of tools and techniques, (ii) a diagnostic tool not sufficiently adapted for use in the LG sector, (iii) a training and delivery model whose timescales and content do not aid participant learning and buy-in, (iv) a lack of consideration regarding the sustainability of the lean approach post-consultation, relating to (a) the development of internal lean leaders and (b) how the Lean philosophy can be embedded as an ongoing element in helping to deliver department objectives. To aid the success and sustainability of the lean approach to waste reduction in the LG sector a new framework has been suggested which will recognise the differences between the Manufacturing sector and LG and seek to overcome the deployment and sustainability deficiencies highlighted in the research

Total syntheses of conformationally-locked difluorinated pentopyranose analogues and a pentopyranosyl phosphate mimetic

Trifluoroethanol has been elaborated, via a telescoped sequence involving a metalated difluoroenol, a difluoroallylic alcohol, [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement, and ultimately an RCM reaction and requiring minimal intermediate purification, to a number of cyclooctenone intermediates. Epoxidation of these intermediates followed by transannular ring opening or dihydroxylation, then transannular hemiacetalization delivers novel bicyclic analogues of pentopyranoses, which were elaborated (in one case) to an analogue of a glycosyl phosphate