La condición interescalar de la infraestructura verde en Piacenza: de lo fragmentario a la continuidad estructural

El trabajo trata de evaluar la interescalaridad de la infraestructura verde como recurso para la sostenibilidad urbana. Primero, se centra en la identificación de una matriz metropolitana para el territorio de Piacenza, fundandose en los corredores ecológicos e integrando las infraestructuras. Esta matriz se usa para construir una armadura verde compuesta de tres bandas que atraviesan la ciudad enlazando espacios abiertos de diferente naturaleza. Luego, se toman en consideración tres puntos de la ciudad en los que la banda verde se ancla al tejido urbano a través de un nudo funcional, realizando un enlace urbano-rural a través de las zonas perifericas industriales. Se ofrece así la posibilidad que la infraestructura verde sea accesible, conecte destinaciones e infiltre la ciudad, y una fragmentos definiendo una nueva habitabilidad del espacio urbano.Award-winningObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenible

Regeneración urbana e infraestructura verde: una aproximación interescalar para reconstruir una continuidad entre abandono y expansión

La infraestructura verde, como recurso interescalar para remediar la fragmentación espacial, es el foco de esta investigación sobre las perspectivas de regeneración urbana de Piacenza, en la región del Emília-Romania en Italia. El crecimiento fragmentario de la ciudad crea situaciones de vulnerabilidad en el territorio, sobre todo en las franjas de contacto entre urbano y rural. Ahí, la infraestructura verde, compuesta en sus diferentes escalas, permite recoser fragmentos, incluyendo los bordes urbanos y las áreas marginales en una nueva unidad metropolitana capaz de incrementar la resiliencia de la ciudad. La interrelación entre las diferentes escalas, de la territorial-metropolitana hasta la local-arquitectónica, pasando por la urbana, es un recurso que permite dar estructura a las nuevas oportunidades de regeneración.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Research on non-timber forest products in selected countries in Southern and East Africa: themes, research issues, priorities and constraints

In this paper, the outcomes of a consultative meeting on non-timber forest products are reported and discussed. The meeting was organised by CIFOR and IUCN's Eastern Africa Regional Office on 15 and 16 September 1995 in Nairobi, Kenya, with the aim of discussing research priorities and information gaps related to non-timber forest products. The workshop brought together 11 people, representing forest research institutions, NGOs and other organisations involved in research related to non-timber forest products. The countries represented were Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. During the meeting priority themes and issues were identified. These relate to management systems, policy and institutions, and community roles and social dimensions. Priority constraints include lack of personnel with appropriate expertise, inadequate financial resources, and insufficient data and information. A large number of solutions to overcome these constraints was discussed. It is concluded that since the main relevance of non-timber forest products in Southern and East Africa is at the local and subsistence level, an elaboration of the results of the meeting into workable research questions and methods should be defined at that level in an iterative process of action research, involving researchers and local users and managers of the forest. The meeting can be considered as a first, though authoritative, approximation of the needs in research on non-timber forest products in the region. It was agreed that elaboration of the findings of the meeting into specific action would be the only useful next step

Change in glucose, lactate and urea at 24 h.

<p>a) Glucose; b) Lactate; c) Urea. In all cases the change AT content in 1-, 2- and 3-way cultures was compared within the same group, * = p<0.05.</p

Pro-inflammatory markers at 24h.

<p>a) Changes in IL-6 concentration in 1-, 2- and 3-way connected cultures as a function of adiposity; b) Changes in MCP-1 concentration in 1-2- and 3-way connected cultures as a function of adiposity. * = p<0.05 (n = 3 independent experiments for data each point).</p

Change in metabolite concentrations with respect to fresh media after 24h.

<p>a) Triglycerides (TRG); b) Glycerol; c) FFAs; d) Human albumin (HA). For a), b), and c) the change AT content in 1-, 2- and 3-way cultures was compared within the same group, * = p<0.05. For d) the control is a 1-way hepatocyte culture. * = p<0.05 with respect to the corresponding 1-way control (n = 3 independent experiments for data each point).</p

Endothelial-specific markers at 24h.

<p>a) Changes in E-selectin concentration in 3-way connected cultures and in HUVEC-1-way control. * = p<0.0001 with respect to control; b) Relative vWF fluorescence intensity in 3-way connected cultures and HUVEC-1-way controls. * = p<0.05 with respect to the corresponding LPS-free 1-way control (n = 3 independent experiments for data each point).</p