Standards of analgesic treatment versus hospital practice

Introduction: Pain remedying is a fundamental patient law. Modern medicine is acknowledging the mechanism and the warp of pain, commanding more efficient therapeutic means allowing to control the pain.  Multidirectional pain therapy uses variable techniques and medicines which enables to maximize the analgesic effect during the reduction of side effects of each method.Objective: Evaluation of applying standards of analgesic treatment in hospital practice.Material and methods: There were 100 people with severe pain who underwent surgical and orthopedic treatment, as well as, the ones with chronic pain, staying in neurological ward who took part in the examination. Choice of examined patients was random and embraced hospitals patients in the Podkarpackie voivodeship with “Szpital bez Bólu” (eng.: Hospital without pain) certificate.  Examined group comprised of : 57% of women and 44% of men, living in rural (56%) and urban (44%) area. Research methods used in the examinations, were diagnostic opinion poll, records analysis and pain measurements.Results: 42 % of patients can feel the pain intermittently, 37% is not able to estimate how often do pain ailments occur, however, 21% of people suffer from chronic pain ailments. Patients have estimated their pain as follows: severe (26%), difficult to determine (20%), shooting (16%), burning (15%), radiating (10%), dull (8%), stinging (3%) and the one which appears when touched (2%). Having estimated the pain intensity, 53% of respondents claimed that they feel medium pain intensity and 33% claimed to have felt great pain. Nurses in the post-op (54%) and anesthesiologist (26%) are the one, to inform patient about possibilities and eventual methods of post-operative pain management.Conclusions: Pain limits physical functioning of patient. Five-stage scales included in the examination, were VAS and VRS which are sufficient in prophylaxis and pain alleviation but not entirely readable and understandable for all patients. Education of patient influences on the awareness and abilities of evaluating the pain

The evolution of the European Union’s energy security- the chosen development aspects

Praca łączy w sobie zagadnienia dotyczące polityki energetycznej oraz polityki bezpieczeństwa energetycznego, analizując proces ewolucji tych zagadnień w kontekście zmieniających się potrzeb oraz nowo powstających zagrożeń, podkreślając znaczący wpływ odnawialnych źródeł energii na przyszły stan bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Unii Europejskiej. Polityka bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Unii Europejskiej w obecnych czasach staje się coraz bardziej istotnym elementem współpracy 28 państw UE, jak również na płaszczyźnie UE – jej partnerzy zewnętrzni. To właśnie chęć uregulowania relacji między państwami starego kontynentu po II Wojnie Światowej sprawiły, że doprowadziła do utworzenia Europejskiej Wspólnoty Węgla i Stali, która okazała się być podwalinami pod dzisiejszy związek demokratycznych państw europejskich.The work combines Issues related to energy policy and energy security policy , analyzing the evolution of these issues in the context of the changing needs and emerging threats , highlighting the significant impact of the renewable energy sources on the future security of the European Union Square Energy . These days Energy Security Policy of the European Union Square is becoming an increasingly important component of Co- 28 EU countries , as well as at the EU level - ITS external partners . It is the desire to regulate relations between the countries of the Old Continent after World War II that led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community , which proved to be a breeding ground for today's democratic European countries Union

Physical Activity and Cancer Care—A Review

In 2020, 19.3 million new cancer cases were diagnosed, and almost 10 million deaths from cancer were recorded. Cancer patients may experience fatigue, depression, anxiety, reduced quality of life and sleep problems. Cancer treatments cause numerous side effects and have a negative impact on all body systems. Physical activity is important for cancer patients. The aim of this review is to analyse recent studies on the role of physical activity in cancer patients and emphasize its importance. The review included 36 papers published in English between 2017 and 2021. The findings from these studies show that physical activity decreases the severity of side effects of cancer treatment, reduces fatigue, improves quality of life, has a positive impact on mental health and improves aerobic fitness in cancer patients. Moreover, it reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and death. Physical activity is recommended for patients with any type of cancer and at all stages of treatment. The type of physical activity should depend on the condition of the individual patient. It is extremely difficult to determine what type, intensity and duration of physical activity is likely to have the greatest effect