Comparative study of assay of free radical damage in in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo conditions

Background: Interception of free radical events and damage in clinical situation remain arbitrary with poor understanding on antioxidant pharmacology. Methods: Experiments on in vitro per-oxidation insult as well as assumed free radical damage situation in ischemia reperfusion are examined for profile of malondialdehyde rise and effect of Gikgobiloba treatment by different schedule.Results: Effect of Ginkgobiloba was seen on ischemia reperfusion induced, hydrogen peroxide induced and ferric chloride induced methods. Antioxidant effect of Ginkgobiloba was consistent in all techniques.Conclusions: Results reveal the significance of complementary experiment to elaborate issue of antioxidants

RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES Effect of Ginkgo biloba on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Oxidant Stress in Rats

ABSTRACT Ginkgo biloba extract was evaluated for prophylactic value against renal ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidant stress in rat subjected to transient unilateral renal artery ligation. Oral Ginkgo biloba treatment (2mg/kg) was administered by different schedule before experimental induction of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Malondialdehyde has been taken as indicator for free radical damage produced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Three hour pretreatment by the drug has most prominent inhibitory effect on consequent tissue and plasma malondialdehyde level of lipid peroxidation. Further, the relative inhibition of malondialdehyde level in tissue and plasma allow to infer drug effect on generation, but not the clearance of malondialdehyde. No significant difference of outcome from 1, 2 and 3 days treatment indicate no cumulation and thus safety in that respect. Ginkgo biloba treatment appears both effective and safe for prophylaxis of reperfusion injury following ischemia catastrophies

Free radicals and antioxidants in normal versus cancerous cells — An overview

Oxygen is vital for aerobic processes of metabolism and respiration- It has been also implicated in many diseases and degenerative conditions. Free radicals formed from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species act as key players in the initiation and progression of tumor cells and enhance their metastatic potential. The imbalance in the formation and use of free radicals in the tissue creates oxidative stress. Inadequacy in normal cells antioxidant defense system or excessive free radical formation or even both can cause the cell to experience the oxidative stress. This review outlines the involvement of free radicals in different aspects of cancer, from prevention to initiation, progression, treatment and to reduce morbidity and mortality

Liver Function Markers Response to Different Exercise Intensities in Athletes A Single Bout Perspective

Exercise provides considerable health advantages through promoting proper body system functioning, healthy growth and development, and quality of life. The present study investigated the effect of single bout High- Intensity Exercise (HIE) compared to Low-Intensity Exercise (LIE) on liver function markers in athletes. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physical Education, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (UP). A total of 20 healthy male athletes with age range from 22 to 26 years were randomly selected and underwent 5 minutes of HIE and LIE separated by one week. Blood samples for selected liver function markers were taken pre-exercise, immediately, 10 and 20 minutes post-HIE and LIE, respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA with greenhouse-geisser correction found a significant difference between high and low intensity exercises for SGOT (F=5.881; p<0.05) and SBT (F=7.154; p<0.05) values, while statistically insignificant in the case of SGPT (F=1.572; p>0.05). In high intensity exercise there was statistically significant difference for SGOT (F=7.564; p<0.05) value between different time points. Post hoc analysis with a bonferroni correction showed that SGOT value was significantly increased immediately after the HIE, reducing 10 minutes after the exercise and closely returned to baseline level after 20 minutes of exercise, whereas LIE showed no significant changes. Exercise intensity is important as it triggers liver pathology by asymptomatic modifying liver function markers. These findings can be used to develop and administer exercise training plans for athletes

Inflammatory cytokine profile of VEGF and IL-6 from the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis

Background: Endometriosis affects an estimated 176 million women worldwide, which constitutes 10% of the total female population causing debilitating symptoms of pelvic pain and infertility, which limits the quality of reproductive life of affected women. The present study aimed to assess the serum level of VEGF and pro-inflammatory marker IL-6 in cases and normal healthy control groups.Methods: VEGF and IL-6 serum levels were measured by competitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from 34 subjects with surgically confirmed endometriosis, 16 subjects with adenomyosis and 18 similar  age matched healthy controls with no clinical evidence of the disease or detectable endometriotic lesions at the time of surgical examination. Patients were characterized in terms of their socio-demographic and clinically diagnosed characteristics, including the validated infertility and chronic disease registries.Results: The mean serum level of VEGF was significantly (p<0.0001) higher in case of endometriosis (3887 ng/l) followed by adenomyosis (2588 ng/l) group and lower in case of normal healthy control (665 ng/l) group. The mean serum IL-6 was found to be highly significant (p<0.0001) in case of endometriosis (90.49 pg/ml) followed by adenomyosis (70.37 pg/ml) group and lower in case of normal healthy control (22.97 pg/ml) group.Conclusions: VEGF and IL-6 seems to play a crucial role in the implantation and development of endometriotic lesions, and the disease is associated with significant modulations in the serum levels of VEGF. IL-6 can be a reliable non-invasive diagnostic marker for endometriosis

A Review of Ergonomic Evaluation of Occupational Hazard of Indian Agriculture Farm and Allied Activities

Women in India are the major workforce in agriculture and perform almost all the agricultural activities. Women constitute 25.51% of the total work force in the country. The rural women play a vital role in agriculture and other agro based processing activities. They spent more time on post-harvest activities than those pre-harvest activities. Environmental and occupational health issues among agricultural workers expressed high levels of concern about working in hot weather, agricultural injuries, pesticides, awkward posture and drudgery prone activities. User Eco-friendly tools can increase the working efficiency and reduce the working load health hazards on farm activities during agricultural activities

Free radicals and antioxidants in normal versus cancerous cells — An overview

7-19Oxygen is vital for aerobic processes of metabolism and respiration- It has been also implicated in many diseases and degenerative conditions. Free radicals formed from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species act as key players in the initiation and progression of tumor cells and enhance their metastatic potential. The imbalance in the formation and use of free radicals in the tissue creates oxidative stress. Inadequacy in normal cells antioxidant defense system or excessive free radical formation or even both can cause the cell to experience the oxidative stress. This review outlines the involvement of free radicals in different aspects of cancer, from prevention to initiation, progression, treatment and to reduce morbidity and mortality

GABA: a key player of abiotic stress regulation

Abiotic stress is considered as the main culprit for reduction of global food production. Recent studies have reported GABA as a major regulator of abiotic stress and thus opening new avenues in research on emerging roles of GABA in abiotic stress acclimation in plants

Comparative evaluation of mucin and total protein in periodontal disease before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy

Background: Periodontal ailments cause a quantum leap in the biomarker profile of the saliva. This profile is, in fact, the epiphany of the scale and extent of the disease. Both gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with a step-grade progression. The study aimed to determine the response of the host in these conditions by analyzing concentrations of salivary mucin and total protein activity, before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Materials and Methods: Sixty adult subjects were clinically examined and divided into three groups (n = 20) according to the clinical assessment and categorized as Group I (healthy), Group II (gingivitis), and Group III (chronic periodontitis). Whole saliva was collected, and salivary mucin and total protein levels were quantitatively measured at baseline in all the groups and additionally after NSPT in Groups II and III. Results: Levels of mucin and total protein increased in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. There was a slight decline in mucin levels in periodontitis patients in comparison with the gingivitis group. A positive correlation was found between the respective clinical parameters of both the groups along with their levels of salivary mucin and total protein. It indicated that the response of salivary glands to increase their protective potential caused the change among the groups. Conclusion: Periodontal diseases induce an increase in the levels of mucins and proteins, which is believed as the action of the salivary glands to protect the oral cavity and put off the chaos caused by the microorganisms