Analysis of Conduction and Radiation Heat Transfer in a Differentially Heated 2‐D Square Enclosure

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137244/1/htj21221.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137244/2/htj21221_am.pd

Incidence and location of deep vein thrombosis of lower extremity following surgery of tibial plateau fracture

Background: Tibial plateau fractures are commonly seen fractures of lower limb. They are challenging to manage since they are mostly associated with soft tissue injuries. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant cause of morbidity and pulmonary embolism can even cause mortality in all hospitalized patients, especially after trauma and lower extremity fracture, which further carries risk of significant morbidity and mortality. We aim to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of postoperative DVT in tibial plateau fractures.Method: A prospective observational randomized study was performed. A total of 79 patient were included in this study who had proximal tibia fractures. Pre-op ultrasonography was done and post operative ultrasonography was done following proximal tibia plating surgery on day 2. Successive evaluation with USG was done at week 2, week 3 and week 4 for DVT. If DVT is diagnosed it will be managed medically.Result: A total of 79 patients were included in the study, 28 were females and 51 males. 4 out of 79 patients were diagnosed with DVT following surgery of tibial plateau fracture. Predominantly DVT was seen in male patient of elderly age group who had high energy trauma operated by open reduction with duration of surgery of more than 1 hour. 3 out of 4 patients had distal DVT and 1 had proximal DVT.Conclusions: Six risk factors were found to be strongly associated with DVT i.e., old age, male gender, high energy trauma, increased preoperative interval, open reduction and prolonged duration of surgery. These epidemiologic data will be helpful in individual assessment, risk categorisation and development of targeted prevention programs

Evaluation of Measured Digital Output of Gas Sensors During Spontaneous Heating of Coal

Spontaneous heating is the major cause of unintentional coal burning in the underground coal mine. It is responsible for releasing a number of combustible gases. For measuring the concentration of these gases, the role of gas sensors becomes very important to plan efficient preventive measures. In general, the outputs of sensor produced in digital format after processing through the microcontroller platform. However, the sensor data need to be displayed in a standard format. Therefore, a tool is needed to convert the digital output of the sensors to the standard format (PPM or %) in actual environmental condition. Hence, in the present paper, mathematical expressions have been deduced for each sensor to produce the output in a standard format for test environmental condition and the same were compared simultaneously with the handheld gas analyzer. The results were found in agreement

Pancytopenia in Indian Children: A Clinicohematological Analysis

Objective: To determine the etiological profile of pancytopenia in pediatric patients in India. Material and methods: Medical records review of a 5-year period between 1st September 1997 and 31st August 2002. Clinical and hematological data of all patients with pancytopenia (hemoglobin [Hb] ≤10 g/dL, TLC ≤4 × 109/L, platelet count ≤150 × 109/L) at presentation were analyzed. Patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy, those developing pancytopenia during hospital stay, patients referred from other centers with hematological malignancies and neonates were excluded. Results: Forty-two children (mean age 8.26 years, range 8.5 months to 13 years, M:F : 1:0.8) were included. Megaloblastic anemia, aplastic anemia and infections were commonest causes, being responsible for 25%, 19.6% and 32.1% of the cases, respectively. Bone-marrow aspiration (BMA) was helpful in reaching a definitive diagnosis in 92.8% of those in whom sufficient marrow tissue was retrieved for analysis. Aplastic anemia was the commonest reason for failure of BMA in providing a diagnosis. Conclusions: Majority (almost 60%) of the causes of pancytopenia among pediatric patients in this region are easily treatable. There is a need to be aware of such conditions and appropriate investigative modalities should be undertaken for the same

Key drivers influencing shopping behavior in retail store

The purpose of the study was to determine the key drivers which influence the shopping behavior of the customers in the retail store. In today’s competitive world with increasing number of retail stores, the retailers need to be more customer oriented. Retail has changed and expanded in all lines of business, be it apparel, jewelry, footwear, groceries.etc. The modern consumer is posing a challenging task for the Indian retailer. More aware, more confident and much more demanding, therefore the retailers are looking for ways to deliver better consumer value and to increase consumer purchase intention. Retailers tend to differentiate themselves by making their service easier to consumers. The study aims to study the key drivers that can influence shopping behavior in retail store. A survey (store intercept) method was employed to elicit primary information from 300 shoppers in different formats of retail stores of Lucknow. The findings reveal the factors that play a greater role in influencing the shopping behavior of customers in retail store. As such, a survey of retail store customer’s attitude towards reduced price, sales promotion, quality of the products, proximity to the home, customer service, store atmospherics were analyzed to identify the key drivers influencing shopping behavior in retail store. A questionnaire based on a five-item Likert scale, as well as random sampling, was employed for data collection. Data analysis was accomplished using SPSS software. The paper has found shopping experience, store image and value for money as three important variable out of which shopping experience emerged as a dominant factor which influences the consumer’s shopping behavior in the retail store. Since the research has established empirical evidences in determining the key drivers which influences the shopping behavior of the customers in the retail store, it serves as a foundation for a deeper probe into the shopping behavior of the customers in the retail store research domain in the Indian context.peer-reviewe

Influence of plant growth regulators on indirect shoot organogenesis and secondary metabolite production in Aconitum violaceum Jacq.

Influence of plant growth regulators on indirect regeneration and secondary metabolite production in Aconitum violaceum Jacq. was evaluated. Among the different plant growth regulators studied, 2.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.25 μM kinetin (Kn) promoted the highest frequency of callus production for indirect regeneration. 6-Benzyl aninopurine (BAP) was more effective in improving shoot regeneration and secondary metabolite production compared to thidiazuron (TDZ). The highest frequency of regeneration (61.8%) was obtained when calli were transferred to Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 μM BAP and 0.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and was more than two-times higher when compared to the treatments with cytokinin only. Supplementation with low NAA concentrations resulted reduction in in vitro secondary metabolite production in most cases, when compared to treatments with cytokinin only. Moreover, differences in cytokinin concentrations significantly affected secondary metabolite production in some cases. The current findings highlighted the differential effects of auxin-cytokinin interactions on indirect shoot regeneration and the production of secondary metabolites in A. violaceum.Key words: Cytokinins, auxins, plant tissue culture, indirect regeneration, aconitum violaceum, secondary metabolites

Computational Approach to Generalized Ratio Type Estimator of Population Mean Under Two Phase Sampling

In the present draft, we propose the computational approach to generalized ratio type estimator of population mean of the main variable under study using auxiliary information. The expressions for the bias and mean square errors (MSE) have been obtained up to the first order of approximation. The minimum value of the MSE of the proposed estimator is also obtained for the optimum value of the characterizing scalar. A comparison has been made with the existing estimators of population mean in two phase sampling. A computing based on numerical example also carried out which shows improvement of proposed estimator over other estimators in two phase sampling as the proposed estimator has lesser mean squared error