On the trajectories of null and timelike geodesics in different wormhole geometries

The paper deals with an extensive study of null and timelike geodesics in the background of wormhole geometries. Starting with a spherically symmetric spacetime, null geodesics are analyzed for the Morris-Thorne wormhole(WH) and photon spheres are examined in WH geometries. Both bounded and unbounded orbits are discussed for timelike geodesics. A similar analysis has been done for trajectories in a dynamic spherically symmetric WH and for a rotating WH. Finally, the invariant angle method of Rindler and Ishak has been used to calculate the angle between radial and tangential vectors at any point on the photon's trajectory.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of adjunctive use of two antimicrobial topical gels in chronic gingivitis

Gingivitis is one of the most prevalent oral disease in humans. The most important etiological factor of gingivitis is dental plaque. Plaque control procedures comprises of several mechanical and chemical methods. Many studies have advocated that chemica

A projected nonlinear state-space model for forecasting time series signals

Learning and forecasting stochastic time series is essential in various scientific fields. However, despite the proposals of nonlinear filters and deep-learning methods, it remains challenging to capture nonlinear dynamics from a few noisy samples and predict future trajectories with uncertainty estimates while maintaining computational efficiency. Here, we propose a fast algorithm to learn and forecast nonlinear dynamics from noisy time series data. A key feature of the proposed model is kernel functions applied to projected lines, enabling fast and efficient capture of nonlinearities in the latent dynamics. Through empirical case studies and benchmarking, the model demonstrates its effectiveness in learning and forecasting complex nonlinear dynamics, offering a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners in time series analysis.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure

Inverse Design of Blade Shapes for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

An inverse design process is applied to determine blade shapes used in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). The method is based on the modified Garabedian-McFadden technique that uses the deviation of the pressure distribution or the velocity distribution on the surface from a target pressure or velocity distribution, and modifies the blade surface in order to reduce this deviation. The method was originally developed for wing design and applied for such aerofoil shapes as those of horizontal axis wind turbine blades. The procedure is employed here successfully to find a target shape that is used in a VAWT operating with blades of constant thickness rather than of aerofoil shape. The method is presently applicable to determine blade shapes in a two dimensional section, and considers some performance criteria of VAWTs; thus, it contributes to finding blade shapes that most closely corresponds to the efficient operation of such turbines

Analysis of small nucleolar RNAs reveals unique genetic features in malaria parasites

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ribosome biogenesis is an energy consuming and stringently controlled process that involves hundreds of trans-acting factors. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), important components of ribosome biogenesis are non-coding guide RNAs involved in rRNA processing, nucleotide modifications like 2'-O-ribose methylation, pseudouridylation and possibly gene regulation. snoRNAs are ubiquitous and are diverse in their genomic organization, mechanism of transcription and process of maturation. In vertebrates, most snoRNAs are present in introns of protein coding genes and are processed by exonucleolytic cleavage, while in plants they are transcribed as polycistronic transcripts.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This is a comprehensive analysis of malaria parasite snoRNA genes and proteins that have a role in ribosomal biogenesis. Computational and experimental approaches have been used to identify several box C/D snoRNAs from different species of <it>Plasmodium </it>and confirm their expression. Our analyses reveal that the gene for endoribonuclease Rnt1 is absent from <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>genome, which indicates the existence of alternative pre-rRNA processing pathways. The structural features of box C/D snoRNAs are highly conserved in <it>Plasmodium </it>genus; however, unlike other organisms most parasite snoRNAs are present in single copy. The genomic localization of parasite snoRNAs shows mixed patterns of those observed in plants, yeast and vertebrates. We have localized parasite snoRNAs in untranslated regions (UTR) of mRNAs, and this is an unprecedented and novel genetic feature. Akin to mammalian snoRNAs, those in <it>Plasmodium </it>may also behave as mobile genetic elements.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study provides a comprehensive overview on trans-acting genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and also a genetic insight into malaria parasite snoRNA genes.</p

Unveiling Microlensing Biases in Testing General Relativity with Gravitational Waves

Gravitational waves (GW) from chirping binary black holes (BBHs) provide unique opportunities to test general relativity (GR) in the strong-field regime. However, testing GR can be challenging when incomplete physical modeling of the expected signal gives rise to systematic biases. In this study, we investigate the potential influence of wave effects in gravitational lensing (which we refer to as microlensing) on tests of GR using GWs for the first time. We utilize an isolated point-lens model for microlensing with the lens mass ranging from $10-10^5~$M$_\odot$ and base our conclusions on an astrophysically motivated population of BBHs in the LIGO-Virgo detector network. Our analysis centers on two theory-agnostic tests of gravity: the inspiral-merger-ringdown consistency test (IMRCT) and the parameterized tests. Our findings reveal two key insights: First, microlensing can significantly bias GR tests, with a confidence level exceeding $5\sigma$. Notably, substantial deviations from GR $(\sigma > 3)$ tend to align with a strong preference for microlensing over an unlensed signal, underscoring the need for microlensing analysis before claiming any erroneous GR deviations. Nonetheless, we do encounter scenarios where deviations from GR remain significant ($1 < \sigma < 3$), yet the Bayes factor lacks the strength to confidently assert microlensing. Second, deviations from GR correlate with pronounced interference effects, which appear when the GW frequency ($f_\mathrm{GW}$) aligns with the inverse time delay between microlens-induced images ($t_\mathrm{d}$). These false deviations peak in the wave-dominated region and fade where $f_\mathrm{GW}\cdot t_\mathrm{d}$ significantly deviates from unity. Our findings apply broadly to any microlensing scenario, extending beyond specific models and parameter spaces, as we relate the observed biases to the fundamental characteristics of lensing.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure

INBAND MULTICAST FAULT DETECTION TO REDUCE SERVICE COST

Techniques herein define a simple, but very useful, extension to hop-by-hop signaling that can be utilized to determine a failed node in a network, which may help to reduce fault detection time. In one instance, techniques described herein may involve multicast Label Distribution Protocol (mLDP)-based signaling, however, other replication technologies that involve underlay signaling may be utilized in accordance with techniques described herein

ON DEMAND BIT INDEX EXPLICIT REPLICATION FORWARDING FOR OPTIMIZED REPLICATION IN IOT NETWORKS

An industrial Internet of Things (IoT) deployment can potentially have thousands of devices. The need to perform, for example, a software upgrade on such devices presents a number of difficulties. While Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) offers a potential solution to some of those difficulties, with respect to low-cost IoT devices, utilizing BIER also presents various challenges. To address these challenges techniques are presented herein that facilitate the on-demand installation and uninstallation of a BIER state for the optimal replication of a multicast flow in support of, for example, software upgrades in an IoT domain, such as Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) domain

PIM FLOODING MECHANISM AND SOURCE DISCOVERY (PFM-SD) EXTENSION TO AVOID FLOOD BETWEEN MULTI HOME PEER

Techniques are provided to support an extension to PFM-SD that avoids multicast traffic flooding across multi-home provide edge nodes, and maintains a faster convergence capability provided by multi-homing. These techniques allow a last hop router to create two trees, and provides a framework to ensure that Ethernet Segment failure has minimum traffic close for a receiver. In addition, these techniques involve a mechanism to avoid traffic flood over a core network between peers