Local binary pattern for the evaluation of surface quality of dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Ultrafine Grained 1050 and 6061-T6 Aluminium Alloys

Friction Stir Welding process is an advanced solid-state joining process which finds application in various industries like automobiles, manufacturing, aerospace and railway firms. Input parameters like tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force and tilt angle govern the quality of Friction Stir Welded joint. Improper selection of these parameters further leads to fabrication of the joint of bad quality resulting groove edges, flash formation and various other surface defects. In the present work, a texture based analytic machine learning algorithm known as Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is used for the extraction of texture features of the Friction Stir Welded joints which are welded at a different rotational speed. It was observed that LBP algorithm can accurately detect any irregularities present on the surface of Friction Stir Welded joint

Supervised Machine Learning and Physics based Machine Learning approach for prediction of peak temperature distribution in Additive Friction Stir Deposition of Aluminium Alloy

Additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) is a novel solid-state additive manufacturing technique that circumvents issues of porosity, cracking, and properties anisotropy that plague traditional powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition approaches. However, correlations between process parameters, thermal profiles, and resulting microstructure in AFSD remain poorly understood. This hinders process optimization for properties. This work employs a cutting-edge framework combining supervised machine learning (SML) and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to predict peak temperature distribution in AFSD from process parameters. Eight regression algorithms were implemented for SML modeling, while four PINNs leveraged governing equations for transport, wave propagation, heat transfer, and quantum mechanics. Across multiple statistical measures, ensemble techniques like gradient boosting proved superior for SML, with lowest MSE of 165.78. The integrated ML approach was also applied to classify deposition quality from process factors, with logistic regression delivering robust accuracy. By fusing data-driven learning and fundamental physics, this dual methodology provides comprehensive insights into tailoring microstructure through thermal management in AFSD. The work demonstrates the power of bridging statistical and physics-based modeling for elucidating AM process-property relationships

Supervised Machine Learning Classification Algorithms for Detection of Fracture Location in Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded Joints

Machine Learning focuses on the study of algorithms that are mathematical or statistical in nature in order to extract the required information pattern from the available data. Supervised Machine Learning algorithms are further sub-divided into two types i.e. regression algorithms and classification algorithms. In the present study, four supervised machine learning-based classification models i.e. Decision Trees algorithm, K- Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm, and Ada Boost algorithm were subjected to the given dataset for the determination of fracture location in dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA6061-T651 and AA7075-T651 alloy. In the given dataset, rotational speed (RPM), welding speed (mm/min), pin profile, and axial force (kN) were the input parameters while Fracture location is the output parameter. The obtained results showed that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm classified the fracture location with a good accuracy score of 0.889 in comparison to the other algorithms

Brain Inspired Computing Approach for the Optimization of the Thin Film Thickness of Polystyrene on the Glass Substrates

Advent in machine learning is leaving deep impact on various sectors including material science domain. The present paper highlights the application of various supervised machine learning regression algorithms such as polynomial regression, decision tree regression algorithm, random forest algorithm, support vector regression algorithm and artificial neural network algorithm to determine the thin film thickness of Polystyrene on the glass substrates. The results showed that polynomial regression machine learning algorithm outperforms all other machine learning models by yielding the coefficient of determination of 0.96 approximately and mean square error of 0.04 respectively

Machine Learning-Assisted Pattern Recognition Algorithms for Estimating Ultimate Tensile Strength in Fused Deposition Modeled Polylactic Acid Specimens

In this study, we investigate the application of supervised machine learning algorithms for estimating the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of Polylactic Acid (PLA) specimens fabricated using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. A total of 31 PLA specimens were prepared, with Infill Percentage, Layer Height, Print Speed, and Extrusion Temperature serving as input parameters. The primary objective was to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of four distinct supervised classification algorithms, namely Logistic Classification, Gradient Boosting Classification, Decision Tree, and K-Nearest Neighbor, in predicting the UTS of the specimens. The results revealed that while the Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms both achieved an F1 score of 0.71, the KNN algorithm exhibited a higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) score of 0.79, outperforming the other algorithms. This demonstrates the superior ability of the KNN algorithm in differentiating between the two classes of ultimate tensile strength within the dataset, rendering it the most favorable choice for classification in the context of this research. This study represents the first attempt to estimate the UTS of PLA specimens using machine learning-based classification algorithms, and the findings offer valuable insights into the potential of these techniques in improving the performance and accuracy of predictive models in the domain of additive manufacturing

Estimation of Grain Size Distribution of Friction Stir Welded Joint by using Machine Learning Approach

Machine learning has widely spread in the areas of pattern recognition, prediction or forecasting, cognitive game theory and in bioinformatics. In recent days, machine learning is being introduced into manufacturing and material industries for the development of new materials and simulating the manufacturing of the required products. In the recent paper, machine learning algorithm is developed by using Python programming for the determination of grain size distribution in the microstructure of stir zone seam of Friction Stir Welded magnesium AZ31B alloy plate The grain size parameters such as an equivalent diameter, perimeter, area, orientation etc. were determined. The results showed that the developed algorithm is able to determine various grain size parameters accurately

Deep Convolutional Neural Network Modeling and Laplace Transformation Algorithm for the Analysis of Surface Quality of Friction Stir Welded Joints

The quality of Friction Stir Welded joint depends on the input parameters like tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed (mm/min), tool tilt angle, and an axial plunge force. If there is any variation in these input parameters then there will be a chance of formation of various surface defects such as groovy edges, flash formation, and non-homogeneous mixing of alloys. The main objective of the present work is to use machine learning algorithms such as Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) and Laplace transformation algorithm to detect these surface defects present on the Friction Stir Welded joint. The results showed that the used algorithms can easily detect such surface defects with good accuracy

MACHINE LEARNING CLASSIFICATION MODELS FOR DETECTION OF THE FRACTURE LOCATION IN DISSIMILAR FRICTION STIR WELDED JOINT

Data analysis is divided into two categories i.e. classification and prediction. These two categories can be used for extraction of models from the dataset and further determine future data trends or important set of classes available in the dataset. The aim of the present work is to determine location of the fracture failure in dissimilar friction stir welded joint by using various machine learning classification models such as Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Naïve Bayes and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It is observed that out of these classification algorithms, Artificial Neural Network results have the best accuracy score o

Quantum Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Surface Roughness in Additive Manufactured Specimens

Surface roughness is a crucial factor influencing the performance and functionality of additive manufactured components. Accurate prediction of surface roughness is vital for optimizing manufacturing processes and ensuring the quality of the final product. Quantum computing has recently gained attention as a potential solution for tackling complex problems and creating precise predictive models. In this research paper, we conduct an in-depth comparison of three quantum algorithms i.e. the Quantum Neural Network (QNN), Quantum Forest (Q-Forest), and Variational Quantum Classifier (VQC) adapted for regression for predicting surface roughness in additive manufactured specimens for the first time. We assess the algorithms performance using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Explained Variance Score (EVS) as evaluation metrics. Our findings show that the Q-Forest algorithm surpasses the other algorithms, achieving an MSE of 56.905, MAE of 7.479, and an EVS of 0.2957. In contrast, the QNN algorithm displays a higher MSE of 60.840 and MAE of 7.671, coupled with a negative EVS of -0.444, indicating that it may not be appropriate for predicting surface roughness in this application. The VQC adapted for regression exhibits an MSE of 59.121, MAE of 7.597, and an EVS of -0.0106, suggesting its performance is also inferior to the Q-Forest algorithm

Employing Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) Methodologies to Analyze the Correlation between Input Variables and Tensile Strength in Additively Manufactured Samples

This research paper explores the impact of various input parameters, including Infill percentage, Layer Height, Extrusion Temperature, and Print Speed, on the resulting Tensile Strength in objects produced through additive manufacturing. The main objective of this study is to enhance our understanding of the correlation between the input parameters and Tensile Strength, as well as to identify the key factors influencing the performance of the additive manufacturing process. To achieve this objective, we introduced the utilization of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques for the first time, which allowed us to analyze the data and gain valuable insights into the system's behavior. Specifically, we employed SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), a widely adopted framework for interpreting machine learning model predictions, to provide explanations for the behavior of a machine learning model trained on the data. Our findings reveal that the Infill percentage and Extrusion Temperature have the most significant influence on Tensile Strength, while the impact of Layer Height and Print Speed is relatively minor. Furthermore, we discovered that the relationship between the input parameters and Tensile Strength is highly intricate and nonlinear, making it difficult to accurately describe using simple linear models