1,267 research outputs found
Does Peak Shaving & Storage Integration Green the Grid?
https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/lightning-oct2021/1005/thumbnail.jp
Recommended from our members
Energy Optimizations for Smart Buildings and Smart Grids
Modern buildings are heavy power consumers. For instance, of the total electricity consumed in the US, 75% is consumed in the residential and commercial buildings. This consumption is not evenly distributed over time. Typical consumption profile exhibits several peaks and troughs. The peakiness, in turn, dictates the electric grid\u27s generation, transmission and distribution costs, and also the associated carbon emissions.
This thesis discusses challenges involved in achieving the sustainability goals in buildings and electric grids. It investigates building and grid energy footprint optimization techniques to achieve the following goals: 1) making buildings energy efficient, 2) cutting building\u27s electricity bills, 3) cutting utility\u27s costs in electricity generation and distribution, 4) reducing carbon footprints, and 5) making the aggregate electricity consumption profile grid-friendly.
In this thesis, we first design SmartCap, a system to enable homes flatten their consumption/demand by scheduling background loads (such as A/Cs, refrigerator), without causing user discomfort and without direct user involvement. Demand flattening facilitates aggregate peak reduction, which in turn enables grids to 1) reduce carbon emissions, and 2) cut installation and operational costs. Our results demonstrate that SmartCap can decrease the average deviation from mean power by over 20% across all periods with high deviation, thereby flattening the peaky demand. Next, we present SmartCharge, an intelligent battery charging system that shifts a building\u27s electricity consumption to off-peak periods by storing low-cost energy for use during high-cost periods, without active user involvement. We show that SmartCharge can typically save 10-15% in bills and can reduce the grid-wide peak demand by up to 20%. We then extend SmartCharge to GreenCharge, which integrates on-site renewables in a building\u27s electricity consumption. Our experiments show that GreenCharge can cut user electricity bills up to 20%. After GreenCharge, we investigate the use of large-scale distributed energy storage at buildings throughout the grid to flatten grid demand, while 1) maintaining end-user incentives for storage adoption at grid-scale, and 2) ensuring grid stability. We design PeakCharge, an online peak-aware charging algorithm to optimize the use of energy storage in the presence of a peak demand surcharge. Empirical evaluations show that total storage capacity required by PeakCharge to flatten grid demand is within 18% of the capacity required by a centralized system. Finally, we examine the efficacy of employing different combinations of energy storage technologies at different levels of the grid’s distribution hierarchy to cut electric utility\u27s daily operational costs. We present an optimization framework for modeling the primary characteristics of various energy storage technologies and important tradeoffs in placing different storage technologies at different levels of the distribution hierarchy. We show that by employing hybrid storage technologies at multiple levels of the distribution hierarchy, utilities can reduce their daily operating costs due to distributing electricity by up to 12%
Ready-to-use post-Newtonian gravitational waveforms for binary black holes with non-precessing spins: An update
For black-hole binaries whose spins are (anti-) aligned with respect to the
orbital angular momentum of the binary, we compute the frequency domain phasing
coefficients including the quadratic-in-spin terms up to the third
post-Newtonian (3PN) order, the cubic-in-spin terms at the leading order,
3.5PN, and the spin-orbit effects up to the 4PN order. In addition, we obtain
the 2PN spin contributions to the amplitude of the frequency-domain
gravitational waveforms for non-precessing binaries, using recently derived
expressions for the time-domain polarization amplitudes of binaries with
generic spins, complete at that accuracy level. These two results are updates
to Arun et al. (2009) [1] for amplitude and Wade et al. (2013) [2] for phasing.
They should be useful to construct banks of templates that model accurately
non-precessing inspiraling binaries, for parameter estimation studies, and or
constructing analytical template families that accounts for the
inspiral-merger-ringdown phases of the binary.Comment: 8 pages, an additional file (readable in MATHEMATICA) containing all
the key results included in the sourc
DECODE: Data-driven Energy Consumption Prediction leveraging Historical Data and Environmental Factors in Buildings
Energy prediction in buildings plays a crucial role in effective energy
management. Precise predictions are essential for achieving optimal energy
consumption and distribution within the grid. This paper introduces a Long
Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model designed to forecast building energy consumption
using historical energy data, occupancy patterns, and weather conditions. The
LSTM model provides accurate short, medium, and long-term energy predictions
for residential and commercial buildings compared to existing prediction
models. We compare our LSTM model with established prediction methods,
including linear regression, decision trees, and random forest. Encouragingly,
the proposed LSTM model emerges as the superior performer across all metrics.
It demonstrates exceptional prediction accuracy, boasting the highest R2 score
of 0.97 and the most favorable mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.007. An
additional advantage of our developed model is its capacity to achieve
efficient energy consumption forecasts even when trained on a limited dataset.
We address concerns about overfitting (variance) and underfitting (bias)
through rigorous training and evaluation on real-world data. In summary, our
research contributes to energy prediction by offering a robust LSTM model that
outperforms alternative methods and operates with remarkable efficiency,
generalizability, and reliability.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 6 table
Charged Particle and Photon Multiplicity, and Transverse Energy Production in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
We review the charged particle and photon multiplicity, and transverse energy
production in heavy-ion collisions starting from few GeV to TeV energies. The
experimental results of pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles and
photons at different collision energies and centralities are discussed. We also
discuss the hypothesis of limiting fragmentation and expansion dynamics using
the Landau hydrodynamics and the underlying physics. Meanwhile, we present the
estimation of initial energy density multiplied with formation time as a
function of different collision energies and centralities. In the end, the
transverse energy per charged particle in connection with the chemical
freeze-out criteria is discussed. We invoke various models and phenomenological
arguments to interpret and characterize the fireball created in heavy-ion
collisions. This review overall provides a scope to understand the heavy-ion
collision data and a possible formation of a deconfined phase of partons via
the global observables like charged particles, photons and the transverse
energy measurement.Comment: 27 pages, 43 figures, Invited Review for Advances in High Energy
physics for Special Issue on "Global properties in High Energy Collisions
Prediction of pregnancy in artificial reproductive techniques through evaluation of thickness, morphology and vascularity of endometrium
Background: Prediction of pregnancy in Artificial Reproductive Techniques through evaluation of thickness, morphology and vascularity of endometrium.Methods: Endometrial thickness, morphology and sub endometrial blood flow were assessed using trans-vaginal ultrasound on the day of HCG in 200 undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment in the period between October 2009 and December 2014. Statistical analysis was done.Results: There was no difference in the demographic features between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Overall, 80 patients conceived; 46 (57.5%) of them had blood flow in zone III and 30 (37.5%) in zone II. All patients achieved pregnancy had endometrial thickness >8 mm. There was no significant difference in Doppler indices between pregnant and non-pregnant women.Conclusions: When the endometrial thickness is <8 mm, and if there are non-triple endometrial line, pregnancy rate decreases and the absence of colour mapping of the endometrium and subendometrial areas means and absolute implantation failure or a significant decrease of the implantation rate. Conversely, the pregnancy rate increases when the vessels reach endometrium
Explosive Remnants of War: A War after the War?
Explosive Remnants of War (ERW) pose significant
humanitarian problems to the civilians as well as to the
governments in post conflict situations. People continue
to be at risk even after the war due to the presence of
ERW. The issue of ERW has in fact shifted the focus of the
international community from the immediate impacts of
the weapons to their long term effects. In response to this,
states concluded a landmark agreement, Protocol V to the
UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons in
2003 (CCW). This Protocol aims at providing a proper
mechanism to deal with ERW threat. Meanwhile, with the
beginning of the new century and the emergence of newly
sophisticated weapons the debate over the ERW got
shifted to one of the most menacing category of weapons
called cluster munitions. Again, responding to the
problem, the state parties adopted the Convention of
Cluster Munitions 2003 which bans the use and
development of these deadly weapons. Both these
instruments suffer from certain inherent limitations.
Despite these limitations they still serve as the last resort
for the civilians as well as for the governments of the war
torn communities in dealing with the catastrophic effects
of ERW
- …