As Implicações Sociais e Políticas da Burocratização

Este texto trata de algumas implicações mais amplas da expansão do setor público e da gestão burocrática que a acompanha, como os conflitos entre os interesses dos funcionários e os dos cidadãos, a influência da burocratização na atividade acadêmica e as contradições entre objetivos de diferentes setores da administração púbica. É de especial interesse notar o uso da hipótese de funcionários auto interessados na análise, antecipando a tradição da escola da escolha pública

As Consequências Psicológicas da Burocratização

No presente trabalho, o autor discute as consequências psicológicas de preferir um ambiente social e econômico marcado pela organização burocrática ao invés de uma organização econômica racional pautada pelos preços de mercado. No caso da vida social e econômica caracterizada pela burocratização crescente, a tutela paternalista tende a se tornar autoritária e desfavorável ao fortalecimento do senso crítico, sem o qual cria-se a falsa ilusão de que pode haver liberdade sob um sistema de total arregimentação

A Tarefa e o Escopo da Ciência da Ação Humana – Parte II:

O autor examina os objetivos e o método apropriado para desenvolver investigações no campo das ciências sociais, discutindo a origem dessas ciências e percorrendo com particular atenção os campos da Economia e da Sociologia. Elaborando um posicionamento crítico tanto ao historicismo quanto ao empirismo, o autor argui em favor de uma ciência universal – a praxiologia, ou a ciência da ação humana

Introdução à Burocracia

Neste artigo, o autor critica o burocratismo, mostra como ele é rejeitado pelos cidadãos dos Estados Unidos e faz uma correlação lógica entre o burocratismo e os regimes totalitários que dele se nutrem. Argumenta sobre a unanimidade no que diz respeito à distinção entre dois métodos contrários de fazer as coisas: a maneira dos cidadãos e a forma como são geridos os órgãos governamentais e os municípios. Finalmente, sustenta que a burocracia só pode ser compreendida por contraste com o funcionamento do motivo do lucro, tal como este funciona na sociedade de mercado capitalista

A Tarefa e o Escopo da Ciência da Ação Humana – Parte III:: Ciência e Valor

The author examines the purposes and the appropriate method for developing research in the field of the social sciences, discussing the origin of these sciences and covering, with particular attention, the fields of economics and sociology. Elaborating a critical stance against both historicism and empiricism, the author argues in favor of a universal science – praxeology, or the science of human action.O autor examina os objetivos e o método apropriado para desenvolver investigações no campo das ciências sociais, discutindo a origem dessas ciências e percorrendo com particular atenção os campos da Economia e da Sociologia. Elaborando um posicionamento crítico tanto ao historicismo quanto ao empirismo, o autor argui em favor de uma ciência universal – a praxiologia, ou a ciência da ação humana

Ludwig von Mises and the 'Ordo-Interventionists' More than Just Aggression and Contempt?

This paper explores the four decades of intellectual relationship between the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) and two major representatives of German ordoliberalism, Walter Eucken (1891-1950) and Wilhelm Röpke (1899-1966). The timespan covered starts in the early 1920s and terminates with Röpke's passing in 1966, a period featuring numerous encounters in person and several debates in published works, accompanied by exchange in correspondence. The central goal of the paper is to provide a more nuanced understanding of the reasons for the hostile climate and the confrontation patterns than earlier narratives in secondary literature. A key tool is the technique of embedding the scholarly component of the interactions into a complex network of interpersonal relationships. The four decades are separated into five distinct phases with differently nuanced communication patterns: 1) early socialization echoing the animosities between the Austrian School and the Historical School; 2) initial debates in the 1920s and early 1930s on business cycle theory and policy where seniority and maturity play an important role; 3) clashes on political economy and social philosophy at the Colloque Walter Lippmann in 1938 and during the two initial decades of the Mont Pèlerin Society after 1947; 4) coexistence during the German "economic miracle"; 5) exchanges in the 1960s, including a discussion of archival materials never published before about Mises' only honorary doctorate in economics, awarded to him by the University of Freiburg in 1964. Based on this historical account at the heart of the paper, conjectures are formulated as to why - despite the common ground in the inquiries pursued - the protagonists continuously fail to engage in more fruitful scholarly debates, and hypotheses are formulated about the substantive core at stake. In addition, a critical overview of selected strands within the extensive historiographic literature exploring the Austrian School and ordoliberalism in recent decades is provided, including a specific reading of the concept of neoliberalism

Linear representations of probabilistic transformations induced by context transitions

By using straightforward frequency arguments we classify transformations of probabilities which can be generated by transition from one preparation procedure (context) to another. There are three classes of transformations corresponding to statistical deviations of different magnitudes: (a) trigonometric; (b) hyperbolic; (c) hyper-trigonometric. It is shown that not only quantum preparation procedures can have trigonometric probabilistic behaviour. We propose generalizations of ${\bf C}$-linear space probabilistic calculus to describe non quantum (trigonometric and hyperbolic) probabilistic transformations. We also analyse superposition principle in this framework.Comment: Added a physical discussion and new reference

Microfoundations

This paper argues that the microfoundations programme can be understood as an implementation of an underlying methodological principle—methodological individualism—and that it therefore shares a fundamental ambiguity with that principle, viz, whether the macro must be derived from and therefore reducible to, or rather consistent with, micro-level behaviours. The pluralist conclusion of the paper is not that research guided by the principle of microfoundations is necessarily wrong, but that the exclusion of approaches not guided by that principle is indeed necessarily wrong. The argument is made via an examination of the advantages claimed for dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, the relationship between parts and wholes in social science, and the concepts of reduction, substrate neutrality, the intentional stance, and hypostatisation

Microfoundations

The paper argues that the microfoundations programme can be understood as an implementation of an underlying methodological principle, methodological individualism, and that it therefore shares a fundamental ambiguity with that principle, viz, whether the macro must be derived from and therefore reducible to, or rather consistent with micro-level behaviours. The pluralist conclusion of the paper is not that research guided by the principle of microfoundations is necessarily wrong, but that the exclusion of approaches not guided by that principle is indeed necessarily wrong. The argument is made via an examination of the advantages claimed for dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, the relationship between parts and wholes in social science, and the concepts of reduction, substrate neutrality, the intentional stance, and hypostatisation