Nuclear Receptors in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nuclear receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are involved in important aspects of hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. There are about 48 nuclear receptors in the human. These nuclear receptors are regulators of many hepatic processes including hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, drug detoxification, inflammation, regeneration, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Some of these receptors are sensitive to the levels of molecules that control lipid metabolism including fatty acids, oxysterols, and lipophilic molecules. These receptors direct such molecules to the transcriptional networks and may play roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may offer targets for the development of new treatments for this liver disease

Nuclear receptors in nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease

Nuclear receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are involved in important aspects of hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. There are about 48 nuclear receptors in the human. These nuclear receptors are regulators of many hepatic processes including hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, drug detoxification, inflammation, regeneration, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Some of these receptors are sensitive to the levels of molecules that control lipid metabolism including fatty acids, oxysterols, and lipophilic molecules. These receptors direct such molecules to the transcriptional networks and may play roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may offer targets for the development of new treatments for this liver disease

GraphFind: enhancing graph searching by low support data mining techniques

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Biomedical and chemical databases are large and rapidly growing in size. Graphs naturally model such kinds of data. To fully exploit the wealth of information in these graph databases, a key role is played by systems that search for all exact or approximate occurrences of a query graph. To deal efficiently with graph searching, advanced methods for indexing, representation and matching of graphs have been proposed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This paper presents GraphFind. The system implements efficient graph searching algorithms together with advanced filtering techniques that allow approximate search. It allows users to select candidate subgraphs rather than entire graphs. It implements an effective data storage based also on low-support data mining.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>GraphFind is compared with Frowns, GraphGrep and gIndex. Experiments show that GraphFind outperforms the compared systems on a very large collection of small graphs. The proposed low-support mining technique which applies to any searching system also allows a significant index space reduction.</p

Post-Operative Functional Outcomes in Early Age Onset Rectal Cancer

Background: Impairment of bowel, urogenital and fertility-related function in patients treated for rectal cancer is common. While the rate of rectal cancer in the young (&lt;50 years) is rising, there is little data on functional outcomes in this group. Methods: The REACCT international collaborative database was reviewed and data on eligible patients analysed. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with a histologically confirmed rectal cancer, &lt;50 years of age at time of diagnosis and with documented follow-up including functional outcomes. Results: A total of 1428 (n=1428) patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Metastatic disease was present at diagnosis in 13%. Of these, 40% received neoadjuvant therapy and 50% adjuvant chemotherapy. The incidence of post-operative major morbidity was 10%. A defunctioning stoma was placed for 621 patients (43%); 534 of these proceeded to elective restoration of bowel continuity. The median follow-up time was 42 months. Of this cohort, a total of 415 (29%) reported persistent impairment of functional outcomes, the most frequent of which was bowel dysfunction (16%), followed by bladder dysfunction (7%), sexual dysfunction (4.5%) and infertility (1%). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with early-onset rectal cancer who undergo surgery report persistent impairment of functional status. Patients should be involved in the discussion regarding their treatment options and potential impact on quality of life. Functional outcomes should be routinely recorded as part of follow up alongside oncological parameters

Development of pulp of comun mangoes treated enzimaticamente and state with calcium, oligofructose and Vitamin C.

Los alimentos funcionales son aquellos alimentos que poseen algún Componente Fisiológicamente Activo (CFA) cuya finalidad es la de proporcionar un beneficio para lasalud superior al que aportan los nutrientes tradicionales que contenga. En este trabajo se desarrollaron y se caracterizaron fisicoquímica, microbiológica y sensorialmente tres formulaciones de una pulpa a base de mango que incluían CFA como oligofructosa, Vitamina C y Calcio, a su vez se compararon frente a una pulpa control que no tenía CFA. El Calcio y la vitamina C se introdujeron a la matriz del jugo en un 20% del valor diaria de referencia (VDR). Las formulaciones variaron en la relación Calcio-Olifofructosa que fueron 1:1, 2:1 y 3:1, en presentaciones de 250 g. El Calcio, introducido como fumarato de Calcio, fue el componente que menos se solubilizó encontrándose en una concentración promedio de 178 mg/L en las tres formulaciones, la vitamina C y la oligofructosa permanecieron constantes durante toda la evaluación. El comportamiento cinético y el análisis sensorial indicaron que había un cambio de color de la pulpa, La mejor formulación fue la elaborada con una relación 1:1 Calcio oligofructosa ya que los jueces determinaron que el aroma y color fueron semejantes y el sabor y la textura mejores con respecto a la pulpa control

Potencial de defensivos biológicos no controle da antracnose e na conservação de bananas na pós-colheita.

RESUMO: Várias doenças acometem a banana na fase de pós colheita , mas a antracnose causada pelo fungo colletotrichum musae ( Berk. & Curtis) Arx. é a de maior expressão econômica. O controle dessa doença vem sendo feiro por imersão dos frutoss em caldas à base de benomil, tiabendazol, tiofanato metílico, prochloraz e imazalil. embora sejam eficazes no controle da doença, esses fungicidas podem deixar resíduos, o que não satisfaz aos consumidores que vem, a cada ano, aumentando suas exigências por frutos livres de resíduos de agroquímicos e ambieltalmente limpos. Dessa forma, esses experimentos foram conduzidos visando `a seleção de produtos biológicos que tenham potencial para o controle de doenças e para a conservação de bananas na pós colheita . Os frutos, colhidos no estádio de maturação 1, foram imersos por um minuto em água, tiabendazol a 0,24%, benomil a 0,1%, óleo vegetal (Natur´I óleo), óleo de soja comercial e extrato de sucupira (Pterodon pubescens Benth. ), em diferentes concentrações, a 22 °C e 40 °C, depois dos tratamentos, os frutos foram armazenados a 24+- 1 °C e umidade relativa de 95 +- 3%. As avaliações foram efetuadas aos 15 e 20 dias depois da colheita e dos tratamentos , identificando-se as doenças e determinando a porcentagem de frutos maduros e a área do fruto necrosada por doenças. A antracnose foi a única doença diagnosticada. O óleo de soja e o óleo vegetal (Natur´ óleo) foram altamente eficazes no controle da antracnose e retardaram o amadurecimento da banana, aumentando seu tempo de prateleira. ABSTRACT: Several post-harvest diseases infect banana fruit, but the anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & Curtis) Arx. is economically the most important. The control of this disease has been made by immersion of banana fruits in suspension of fungicides such as benomyl, thiabendazole, thiophanate methyl, prochloraz and imazali. Although efficient in the control of the anthracnose and other diseases, these fungicides may leave residues. This fact does not satisfy the consumers who claim for pesticides-free fruits and pollution-free environment. These experiments were carried out aiming at selection of biologic compounds to control of post-harvest anthracnose and to increase the banana shelf life period. Banana fruits were harvested in the 1 st ripening stages, immersed for 1 minute in water containing thiabendazole (0.24%), benomyl (0.1%) and in different concentrations of vegetable oil (Natur'l oleo), commercial soybean oil and ethanolic extract od sucupira fruit (Ptederon pubescens Benth.) at 22º C and 40 º C. After treatments the fruits were maintained in a growth chamber ar 24 +- 1º C, RH=95+-3%. The experiments were evaluated at 15 and 20 days after harvesting and treatments to determine the percentage of ripe fruits and the fruit area affected by diseases. Only lesions caused by antracnose were observed. Soybean oil an vegetable oil were highly effective in controlling the post-harvest anthracnose besides delaying the ripening process and increasing the shelf life of banana.bitstream/CPAC-2009/25093/1/bolpd_94.pd

Association between lipid profile and gallbladder histopathology of post cholecystectomy patients

Introduction: In cholelithiasis, lipid and histopathological alterations have been found and suggest the accumulation of lipids in the gallbladder tissue (cholesterolosis), due to the few existing reports a study was carried out to determine their association. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the lipid profile and gallbladder histopathology in patients with cholelithiasis undergoing cholecystectomy. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and prospective study was carried out in a group of patients from the Hospital General de México “Eduardo Liceaga” undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2015 to January 2020. With approval of the protocol by the ethics and research committee, the following variables were considered: age, sex, BMI, comorbidities (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cirrhosis), LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and histopathological findings (cholesterolosis, polyps, xanthogranulomatosis, acute cholecystitis, and cholecystitis chronicle). A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed with SPSS v.24. It was considered p < 0.05 as significant. Results: From a group of 302 patients, 133 cases (108 women and 25 men) were included in the study. They presented overweight (39%) and obesity (33%), the lipid profile with hypoalphalipoproteinemia (61%), hypertriglyceridemia (40%), hypercholesterolemia (17%), and elevated LDL-C (16%); and in histopathology chronic cholecystitis (70%), cholesterolosis (28%), and acute cholecystitis (7%). Discussion: Our sample is representative of the Mexican population (in physical characteristics and lipid profile). However, no significant association was found between dyslipidemia and histopathological findings