Impacto del Programa Juntos sobre la diversidad dietética en Perú

En este trabajo se desarrolla una evaluación de impacto del Programa Nacional de Apoyo Directo a los Más Pobres-JUNTOS en la diversidad dietética, una variable asociada con los indicadores de estado nutricional y desarrollo antropométrico en niños, así como a la situación socioeconómica del hogar. Así, utilizando la base de datos del estudio longitudinal Niños del Milenio y aplicando la técnica diferencias en diferencias, se obtuvo que los niños cuyas madres estuvieron inscritas en el Programa tuvieron un incremento estadísticamente significativo de su diversidad dietética a lo largo de su niñez y adolescencia. Ello sugiere que el acceso al Programa estaría asociado al aumento del consumo de alimentos (fuente de vitaminas y minerales) necesarios tanto para satisfacer los requerimientos de micronutrientes como para mejorar la calidad de la dieta. Además, se observó un aumento estadísticamente significativo en la diversidad dietética del hogar. Ello significa que el acceso al Programa habría propiciado mejoras de carácter socioeconómico de los hogares, lo cual les posibilitó el acceso a artículos como el azúcar, los aceites y grasas, entre otros. Además, se destaca que los resultados presentados en este estudio son robustos a distintas especificaciones que incluyen variables asociadas a las características del niño y los hogares

Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics-Theory Volume 1

xiii,513 hal,;ill,;30 c

Microbiology Factsheets for Schools

Microbiology Factsheets for Schools is a short description of how to make a Winogradsky column to study microbial interactions with mineral substrates. Most useful is the diagram on page 2. Instructions could be clearer and more detailed, so user will want to investigate other sources of information about methods. Educational levels: High school, Undergraduate lower division

Transient electromagnetic fields of a buried horizontal magnetic dipole

Electromagnetic surveys using a vertical transmitter loop are common in land, marine, and airborne geophysical exploration. Most of these horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) systems operate in the frequency domain, measuring the time derivative of the induced magnetic fields, and therefore a majority of studies have focused on this subset of field measurements. We examine the time-domain electromagnetic response of a HMD including the electric fields and corresponding smoke rings produced in a conductive half-space. Cases of a dipole at the surface and buried within the earth are considered. Results indicate that when the current in the transmitter is rapidly switched off, a single smoke ring is produced within the plane of the vertical transmitter loop, which is then distorted by the air-earth interface. In this situation, the circular smoke ring, which would normally diffuse symmetrically away from the source in a whole space, is approximately transformed into an ellipse, with a vertical major axis at an early time and a horizontal major axis at a late time. As measured from the location of the transmitter, the depth of investigation and lateral footprint of such a system increases with burial depth. It is also observed that the electric field measured in the direction of the magnetic dipole only contains a secondary response related to the charge accumulation on any horizontal conductivity boundaries because the primary field is always absent. This field component can be expressed analytically in terms of a static and time-varying field, the latter term adding spatial complexity to the total horizontal electric field at the earth surface at early times. Applications of this theoretical study include the design of time-domain induction-logging tools, crossborehole electromagnetic surveys, underground mine expansion work, mine rescue procedures, and novel marine electromagnetic experiments