ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЦЕТИЛПИРИДИНИЯ ХЛОРИДА В ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТАХ МЕТОДОМ ТВЕРДОФАЗНОЙ СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИИ

Quaternary ammonium compounds, and among them cetylpyridinium salts (CP) in particular, are widely used as antiseptics and disinfectants, for local treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the throat and oral cavity, as constituents of lozenges, gels and oral hygiene products. This paper proposes conditions for determination of cetylpyridinium chloride, which has an antimicrobial effect, in some surfactant-containing pharmaceutical preparations approved for the medical use, using solid-state spectrophotometry and a test method. Linen fabric (LN) was used as a solid matrix. The paper shows the efficiency of sorption extraction of cetylpyridinium chloride in the form of the ion associate with the organic azo dye sulfonazo (SFN). Analysis of the absorption spectra of solid-state systems [LN-SFN] and LN-[SFN-CP] showed that the reagent was practically not extracted at pH ≥ 4, but in the presence of CP the sorption was observed over the entire pH range studied with the maximum at pHmax = 5. For the proposed test method, the range of determined concentrations of CP was 1.0–16 mg/dm3 and the limit of detection was 0.4 mg/dm3; for the solid-state spectrophotometric determination, the range of determined CP concentrations was 0.5–24 mg/dm3 and the detection limit was 0.2 mg/dm3. The possibility of determining the CP in real objects was demonstrated.Key words: cetylpyridinium chloride, determination, solid state spectroscopy, test method, pharmaceutical preparations, ion associates, linen fabric.Четвертичные аммониевые соединения, и среди них, в частности, соли цетилпиридиния (ЦП) находят широкое применение в качестве антисептиков и дезинфицирующих средств, для местного лечения инфекционно-воспалительных процессов слизистой горла и полости рта, в составе таблеток для рассасывания, пастилок, гелей, средств гигиены полости рта. В работе предложены условия определения цетилпиридиния хлорида, обладающего противомикробным действием, в некоторых разрешенных к медицинскому применению ПАВ-содержащих фармацевтических препаратах методом твердофазной спектрофотометрии и тест-методом. В качестве твердофазной матрицы использована льняная ткань (ЛН). В работе показана эффективность сорбционного извлечения хлорида ЦП в виде его ионного ассоциата с бисазокрасителем сульфоназо (СФН). Анализ спектров поглощения твердофазных систем [ЛН∙СФН] и [ЛН∙СФН]-ЦП показывает, что реагент при рН≥4 практически не извлекается, а в присутствии ЦП сорбция наблюдается во всем исследуемом диапазоне рН с максимумом рНmax = 5. Для предложенного тест-метода диапазон определяемых концентраций ЦП составил 1.0-16 мг/дм3, предел обнаружения – 0.4 мг/дм3; для твердофазно-спектрофотометрического определения диапазон определяемых концентраций ЦП составил 0.5-24 мг/дм3, предел обнаружения – 0.2 мг/дм3. Продемонстрирована возможность определения ЦП в фармацевтических препаратах.   Ключевые слова: хлорид цетилпиридиния, определение, твердофазная спектрофотометрия, тест-метод, фармацевтические препараты, ионные ассоциаты, льняная ткань

Determination of cetylpyridinium chloride in pharmaceutical preparations by solid-state spectrophotometry method

Четвертичные аммониевые соединения, и среди них, в частности, соли цетилпиридиния (ЦП) находят широкое применение в качестве антисептиков и дезинфицирующих средств, для местного лечения инфекционно-воспалительных процессов слизистой горла и полости рта, в составе таблеток для рассасывания, пастилок, гелей, средств гигиены полости рта. В работе предложены условия определения цетилпиридиния хлорида, обладающего противомикробным действием, в некоторых разрешенных к медицинскому применению ПАВ-содержащих фармацевтических препаратах методом твердофазной спектрофотометрии и тест-методом. В качестве твердофазной матрицы использована льняная ткань (ЛН). В работе показана эффективность сорбционного извлечения хлорида ЦП в виде его ионного ассоциата с бисазокрасителем сульфоназо (СФН). Анализ спектров поглощения твердофазных систем [ЛН∙СФН] и [ЛН∙СФН]-ЦП показывает, что реагент при рН≥4 практически не извлекается, а в присутствии ЦП сорбция наблюдается во всем исследуемом диапазоне рН с максимумом рНmax = 5. Для предложенного тест-метода диапазон определяемых концентраций ЦП составил 1.0-16 мг/дм3, предел обнаружения – 0.4 мг/дм3; для твердофазно-спектрофотометрического определения диапазон определяемых концентраций ЦП составил 0.5-24 мг/дм3, предел обнаружения – 0.2 мг/дм3. Продемонстрирована возможность определения ЦП в фармацевтических препаратах.Quaternary ammonium compounds, and among them cetylpyridinium salts (CP) in particular, are widely used as antiseptics and disinfectants, for local treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the throat and oral cavity, as constituents of lozenges, gels and oral hygiene products. This paper proposes conditions for determination of cetylpyridinium chloride, which has an antimicrobial effect, in some surfactant-containing pharmaceutical preparations approved for the medical use, using solid-state spectrophotometry and a test method. Linen fabric (LN) was used as a solid matrix. The paper shows the efficiency of sorption extraction of cetylpyridinium chloride in the form of the ion associate with the organic azo dye sulfonazo (SFN). Analysis of the absorption spectra of solid-state systems [LN-SFN] and LN-[SFN-CP] showed that the reagent was practically not extracted at pH ≥ 4, but in the presence of CP the sorption was observed over the entire pH range studied with the maximum at pHmax = 5. For the proposed test method, the range of determined concentrations of CP was 1.0–16 mg/dm3 and the limit of detection was 0.4 mg/dm3; for the solid-state spectrophotometric determination, the range of determined CP concentrations was 0.5–24 mg/dm3 and the detection limit was 0.2 mg/dm3. The possibility of determining the CP in real objects was demonstrated

PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF VEGETABLE OILS AS LUBRICANTS AND FUELS

The article presents data on the study of vegetable oils (castor, cotton and rapeseed) for use as an additive to lubricants. It is revealed that rapeseed oil has good viscosity, low-temperature properties and high wear resistant characteristics. It was determined that, when using vegetable oils as lubricants, not only their high biodegradability and lack of environmental toxicity, but also the technical characteristics that determine the suitability of the application is important

THE IMPORTANCE OF VACCINATION IN ACHIEVING A POSITIVE TREND IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PARATYPHS IN THE PRACTICE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Although measures for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid, which are considered important and relevant in medical practice today, have been improved, the main measure to combat the disease is vaccination. This presented article provides an analysis of the importance, importance and relevance of the vaccine specifically in the prevention of typhoid and paratyphoid. And the main purpose of this presented work is to outline the importance of vaccination and a brief analysis of modern approaches to the prevention of typhoid and paratyphoid. To date, a number of research projects are underway to introduce various generations of vaccines into practice. However, no matter how high the activity of the vaccine is, it requires sufficient knowledge of the specifics of indications for use, contraindications to use and side effects. Thus, over the past hundred years, preventive vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. This process is regulated by the national schedule of routine vaccination in all countries. All children should be able to reach their full potential in health and well-being, and no child should die from preventable causes

Effect of chitosan substance on the mechanical properties of paper obtained on the basis of flax cellulose

Chitosan occurs in different molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation. Molecular weight and degree of deacetylation are the main factors affecting particle size, particle formation and aggregation. The use of chitosan improved the dry strength of the paper, especially by adding 1% low molecular weight chitosan. But the increase in concentration reduced its dry strength. This can be explained as follows. The connection must correspond to the distance between the segments between the fibers, because they form an inter-fiber connection area. Even if the water molecule is separated from the organic bond with the fibers or not, a large amount of water destroys the bond state of the paper. These factors are important in the paper industry. Paper-like materials were obtained on the basis of cellulose obtained from the stem of the flax plant. The effect of fibers and adhesives in the composition on the quality indicators of the obtained paper was considered. The effects of chitosan and starch glue were compared. It can be explained that the hydrogen bond on the fiber surface is mainly monopolized by the water molecule, because the fiber forms a macroscopic liquid bridge. The weakness of this bridge indicates the wet tensile strength of the paper