50 research outputs found
Analiza koncentracije toksiÄnih i esencijalnih elementa (as, cd, cu, cr, hg, ni, pb, sr, zn) u zooplanktonu sa Å”aranskog ribnjaka
U poslednjih 20 godina zagaÄivanje slatkovodnih ekosistema toksiÄnim elementima je u porastu Å”irom sveta. ZagaÄenjem su pogoÄeni pre svega izvori za vodosnabdevanje stanovniÅ”tva i životno okruženje, ali i industrija kao i privreda uopÅ”te. MeÄutim zbog perzistentnosti i transfera kroz lance ishrane i potencijalnog akumuliranja u ribama i drugim vodenim organizmima koji se koriste u ishrani, toksiÄni elementi predstavljaju stalnu pretnju ljudskom zdravlju. ZagaÄivanje naÅ”ih reka teÅ”kim metalima nameÄe pitanje ne samo zdravstvene ispravnosti riba iz reka veÄ i riba iz ribnjaka obzirom da se veÄina Å”aranskih ribnjaka napaja vodom iz sistema kanala DTD.
Cilj ove studije je bio da se analizira koncentracija 9 elemenata u zooplanktonu koji predstavlja znaÄajnu prirodnu hranu Å”arana u poluintenzivnom sistemu gajenja. Istraživanje je obavljeno na 4 ribnjaÄka objekta, tokom dva ciklusa gajenja Å”arana, od juna do oktobra, na ribnjaku āDespotovoā. Uzorci zooplanktona za analizu elemenata su uzimani sa tri taÄke u svakom jezeru pomoÄu planktonske mrežice veliÄine 250 Āµm jednom meseÄno. Na ovaj naÄin su sakupljene samo krupnije veliÄinske klase zooplanktona (Cladocera i Copepoda), koje Å”aranska mlaÄ najviÅ”e konzumira. Sa svakog jezera je uziman po joÅ” jedan uzorak zooplanktona za kvantitativnu i taksonomsku analizu. Koncentracija elemenata je analizirana induktivno spregnutom plazma masenom (ICP-MS) i optiÄkom emisionom spektrometrijom (ICP-OES).
Rezultati su obraÄeni jednofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse (ANOVA) u statistiÄkom programu PAST 3.06. ZnaÄajnost razlika testirana je primenom Tukeyās post hoc testa. Podaci su klasifikovani na proleÄni, letnji i jesenji aspekt tokom jednog proizvodnog ciklusa.
Cladocera su dominirale u populaciji zooplanktona, osim u junu kada su Copepoda bile zastupljenije. Iako nije bilo znaÄajnih razlika u koncentraciji elemenata izmeÄu godina, osim za Cu i Sr, uoÄen je karakteristiÄan sezonski obrazac kretanja koncentracija elemenata tokom celog istraživanja. ProleÄni i jesenji aspekti u 2012 su bili veÄi nego u 2013, dok je letnji aspekt u 2013 bio viÅ”i nego u 2012. godini. Izuzetak je bila koncentracija Zn u zooplanktonu gde je situacija bila obrnuta.
PoviÅ”ene vrednosti veÄine toksiÄnih metala u zooplanktonu na ribnjaku Despotovo se mogu objasniti relativno velikim afinitetom egzoskeleta Cladocera za veÄinu dvovalentih jona. Nakon adsorbcije elementi na povrÅ”ini ljuÅ”tura ovih životinja, tokom vremena bivaju absorbovani kroz telesni zid u unutraÅ”nje organe. Neke studije Äak navode da povrÅ”inski akumulirani kontaminanti na plenu mogu biti dostupniji predatorima od onih akumuliranih u tkivima, zbog niskog pH i visokog nivoa jonske kompleksacije koji vladaju na mestu abstorpcije, u digestivnom traktu veÄine životinja,
Ovi rezultati nameÄu zakljuÄak da je u buduÄim istraživanjima kontaminacije vodenih ekosistema i riba poželjno ukljuÄiti analize ne samo vode kao izvora toksiÄnih elemenata, veÄ i odgovarajuÄih izvora hrane (plena) koji, kako je pokazano, sadrži potencijal ne samo za znaÄajnu akumulaciju elemenata veÄ i njihovu potencijalnu veÄu biodostupnost konzumentima
Influence of trout farm effluents on selected oxidative stress biomarkers in larvae of Ecdyonurus venosus (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)
The aim of the present study was to establish the extent to which the outlet waters of trout farms affect the ecosystems of the Crnica and Skrapež rivers in Serbia. We monitored selected biomarkers of oxidative stress: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total glutathione (GSH) in larvae of the species Ecdyonurus venosus, and simultaneously analyzed the changes in the physical and chemical parameters. The investigations were carried out in spring at four localities along the Skrapež and Crnica rivers: one upstream (the control localities), and three downstream from the fish farm outlets. On the Skrapež River, the fish farm was clearly visible and was markedly changed by the chemical parameters of the water, manifested as a decreased concentration of dissolved oxygen, increased concentrations of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium ions, total phosphorus and total organic carbon, and increased SOD and GPx activities and decreased GSH concentration in larvae from the first downstream locality as compared to the control locality. On the Crnica River, due to the high values of water flow (around 3 m3/s), effluents from the fish farm had no effect on the chemical parameters of the water or on the tested biomarkers
Oxidation-reduction potential of cerebrospinal fluid as a potential biomarker for ALS progression
Background: ALS is an oxidative stress-related fastpaced
motor neuron disease for which there are no
accurate biomarkers of progression. This largely hampers
the development of therapeutics. Our aim was to test the
applicability of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in ALS progression follow-up.
Methods: ORP was measured using RedoxSYS (Aytu
BioScience, Inc.) in CSF of 49 ALS patients (mean age
63 1.29 years; range 43-80 years; mean ALSFRSr score
37.47 0.90, range 21-48; m/f = 35/14) and 15 controls
(mean age 48.93 3.68 years, range 21-67 years; m/f =
10/5).
Results: Pearson correlation coefficient (R) between
ALSFRSr score and ORP was 0.27 (p = 0.06). R was
higher ( 0.45) when two outlier values were excluded
from the calculus. Importantly, ALS patients had significantly
higher mean ORP (ALS: 121.83 2.76mV;
controls: 111.14 2.94 mV; p = 0.033). The difference
was also significant for ORP normalized to age. Of note,
ORP is reciprocally proportional to the pro-oxidative
settings in biological samples.
Discussion: Increased ORP values in ALS patients
further confirm the role of oxidative stress in this
neurodegenerative disease. ORP might find application
as a biomarker for ALS progression/prognosis but further
measurements on a larger cohort is warranted
BiofiziÄki pristup u rasvetljavanju metabolizma vanadijuma kod gljiva
Vanadijum je esencijalni mikroelement za mnoge žive organizme i uÄesnik je mnogobrojnih bioloÅ”kih procesa kod njih. naÄajnost u ispitivanju ovog elementa porasla je naglo u poslednje tri decenije pretpostavkom o njegovom znaÄajnom doprinosu u tretmanu raznih vrsta bolesti. Skoro sve potrebne informacije koje se tiÄu oksidacionog oblika, koordinacione geometrije, oligomernog stanja vanadijuma kao i kako prisustvo razliÄitih substrata inhibitora enzimskih aktivnosti utiÄu na njegove karakteristike se mogu dobiti upotrebom i kombinacijom razliÄitih spektroskopskih metoda. Ispitivanje promena strukture vanadijuma kao potencijalno toksiÄnog ali i metaboliÄki korisnog elementa je naÅ”lo veliku primenu u ispitivanju njegovog metabolizma kod gljiva kao vrste organizama koji imaju sposobnost usvajanja i modulacije razliÄitih vrsta elemenata. RazliÄite vrste gljiva usvajaju vanadijum u razliÄitim oblicima, metaboliÅ”u ga na razliÄite naÄine i imaju razliÄite odgovore na njegovo prisustvo. bog složenih fiziko-hemijskih karakteristika i osetljivosti na uslove u kojima se nalazi, ispitivanje vanadijuma zahteva istovremenu primenu viÅ”e spektroskopskih tehnika. Primena NMR, EPR, Ramanske, IC, optiÄke i Rendgenske spektroskopije u izuÄavanju ovog elementa kod gljiva rasvetljava njegovu ulogu u živim sistemima i daje nam informacije o moguÄnostima biotransformacije ovog elementa Å”to može imati znaÄajnu ulogu u mnogim granama nauke a pre svega u medicini i zaÅ”titi životne sredine
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Ephemera danica larvae under influence of a trout farm outlet waters
Trout farms are one of the major sources of pollution of highland streams and rivers. Since river sediment burdened with organic pollution binds greater amounts of heavy metals we investigated the influence of the trout farm on the accumulation of metals in the sediment, water and Ephemera danica larvae. Research was conducted seasonally (April, July, and October of 2015 and January of 2016) at one control locality (SK1) and three localities downstream from the farm (SK2-SK4). In agreement with the hypothesis the fish farm discharge induced localized and statistically significant increase of concentrations of Fe, Cu, Cr-,Cr- Ni, Pb and Cd in sediment and E. danica larvae, but not in water at locality SK2 just below the fish farm indicating that sediment is the main source of heavy metals for this organism. However, according to the values of Biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) only metals with low sediment concentrations (As, Cd and Cu) accumulated in the larvae. Moreover, BASF values for toxic metals (As, Cd and Cr) showed negative correlation with their concentrations in sediment indicating existence of defense mechanisms in E. danica against assimilation of these metals in high concentrations lethal for it. On the other hand, BSAF values for essential microelements (Cu and Fe) were positively correlated with their sediment concentrations. In conclusion the trout farm induced accumulation of heavy metals in river sediment and E. danica larvae proved to be a good bioindicators of the pollution of river systems by As, Cd and Cu
Influence of a trout farm on antioxidant defense in larvae of Ephemera danica (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)
The aim of this study was to establish the influence of a trout farm on the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total glutathione concentration (GSH), in larvae of Ephemera danica, and on environmental parameters in the receiving watercourse. The investigations were carried out seasonally (April, July, and October of 2016 and January of 2017) at four localities (SK1 - control, and SK2, SK3, and SK4 - 30 m, 330 m and 630 m below the fish farm, respectively) along the Skrapez River. Discharged water had the greatest effect on the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium ions, nitrates (NO3-), and total phosphorus. In the case of SOD and GSH, seasonal changes were greater than longitudinal, with maximal values attained in spring and summer and minimal in autumn and winter. SOD showed the strongest correlation with DO, and GSH with total nitrogen. Activity of GPx demonstrated greater longitudinal variability with maximum at SK2 in all seasons and the strongest correlation with NO3-. The obtained results indicate that GPx activity was the most sensitive to the trout farm effects, while SOD and GSH were more influenced by natural seasonal changes of environmental parameters
INFLUENCE OF VANADIUM ON THE GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF COPRINELLUS TRUNCORUM FUNGAL MYCELIUM
Fungi could absorb heavy metals, metalloids, or radionuclides, thus fungal species possess great
potential in bioremediation. Since fungi absorb the vanadium, in the present study ability of Coprinellus
truncorum mycelia for vanadate uptake and its intracellular metabolism were investigated. The
submerged cultivated C. truncorum was exposed to a rising concentration of vanadate. 31P NMR
spectroscopy was used to investigate phosphate metabolism of the mycelium, while the status of
vanadium in the cell was followed by 51V NMR spectroscopy. The mycelium could grow, and overcome
vanadate presence, up to the concentration of 1.6 mM in the submerged medium. 31P NMR
measurements pointed out that vanadate induced changes in the concentration of the crucial metabolite
containing phosphorus, particularly sugar phosphates. The major result of vanadate action is evinced
through an appearance of a signal positioned at around 2.8 ppm, and an increased signal of hexosephosphates.
Using 51V NMR spectroscopy the presence of vanadate monomer in the mycelia of the
fungal cell was confirmed
SELENITE METABOLISM IN THE MYCELIUM OF THE FUNGUS PHYCOMYCES BLAKESLEEANUS
In this study, mycelium of fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus was exposed to soluble toxic form of selenium, selenite (Se+4), with the aim of determining the flow and products of its biotransformation. Selenite is reduced to Se0 in the form selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and Se-2 in the form of methylated volatile selenides. Low concentrations of Se+4 in the mycelium form RSSeSR type compounds, which could be a step in the process of SeNPs formation, or incorporation of Se into metabolites such as Se-amino acids
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERISATION OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES BY MYCELIUM OF FUNGUS PHYCOMYCES BLAKESLEEANUS
In this study, mycelium of fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus was exposed to soluble toxic form of selenium, selenite (Se+4), to examine its ability to reduce it to nanoparticles. Red coloration appeared after only a few hours of incubation with 10 mM Se+4 indicating formation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). SEM-EDS confirmed pure selenium NPs with an average diameter of 57 nm, which indicates to potentially very good medical, optical and photoelectric characteristics. Raman spectroscopy showed several structural forms of SeNPs formed in the extracellular space with a monoclinic Se8 chain as the most represented, and the other observed forms were trigonal Se polymer chain, Se8 ring and Se6 chain structures
Efekti selenita na metabolizam glutationa kod gljive Phycomyces blakesleeanus
Elementarni selen je najmanje biotoksiÄan oblik selena u prirodi, dok selen-oksianjoni mogu biti toksiÄni zbog znaÄajne pokretljivosti i rastvorljivosti u vodi. MikrobioloÅ”ka redukcija selena +4 (selenit) u elementarni selen je stoga od presudnog znaÄaja za smanjenje bioraspoloživosti ovog elementa.1 Visoka reaktivnost selen-oksianjona sa tiolnim grupama, kao i formiranje kiseoniÄnih radikala u reakciji sa glutationom implicira da oksidativni stres doprinosi toksiÄnosti selena.2 Tokom bioloÅ”ke redukcije selenita se proizvodi velika koliÄina peroksida Äime se indukuje ekspresija gena koji kodiraju enzime antioksidativnog metabolizma, Å”to ukljuÄuje i enzime metabolizma glutationa.1 Micelijum gljive Phycomyces blakesleeanus star 24 sata je tretiran 10 mM rastvorom selenita. Uzorci su nakon odreÄenih vremenskih intervala (1, 5, 10, 30, 60 minuta, 24 i 96 sati) ispirani i homogenizovani, nakon Äega je meren sadržaj glutationa i specifiÄna aktivnost enzima: peroksidaza (POD), katalaza (CAT), superoksid dismutaza (SOD), glutation peroksidaze (GPx), glutation-S-transferaze (GST) i glutation reduktaze (GR). Nakon dodavanja selenita utvrÄen je pad koliÄine ukupnog glutationa u micelijumu. Aktivnost POD i SOD je rasla do 60 minuta, nakon Äega je opadala. Aktivnost CAT opadala je odmah po dodatku selenita. Najizraženija je bila promena aktivnosti GPx gde je zabeležen znaÄajan porast, dok su promene aktivnosti GST i GR bile manje izražen