Uticaj laktacije po redu na proizvodnju mleka i broj somatskih ćelija koza Alpina rase

In this paper, the annual results of the effect of lactation on milk production, the contents of some chemical parameters in the milk (milk fat, protein and dry matter without fat) and somatic cells in milk goat breeds Alpino in intensive production during one production year. Control is included a total of 82 French Alpine goats in different lactations (first-16 heads, the second-19 heads, 29 heads the third-and fourth and subsequent lactation together-18 heads).). Somatic cell count and chemical quality of milk is controlled on a daily basis in the laboratory for raw milk AD 'Dairies' - Subotica on the machine CombiFoss FC 6200. The variability of the analyzed characteristics is presented descriptive parameters and the effect of lactation is determined by a factorial analysis of variance. The average value for somewhat milk goats for the treated population was 362.83 kg, with average milk fat content of 3.31%. Analysis of variance confirmed that the differences that were established under the influence of lactation for all traits analyzed, except for percentage of milk fat, were significant at P lt 0.01.U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja uticaja laktacije po redu na proizvodnju mleka, sadržaj mlečne masti, proteina i suve materije bez masti i broj somatskih ćelija u mleku koza francuske rase Alpina u intenzivnoj proizvodnji u toku jedne proizvodne godine. Kontrolom je obuhvaćeno ukupno 82 grla u različitim laktacijama (prva - 16 grla, druga - 19 grla, treća - 29 grla, a četvrta i naredne latkacije zajedno - 18 grla). Broj somatskih ćelija, kao i hemijski kvalitet mleka, kontrolisan je svakodnevno u laboratoriji za sirovo mleko AD 'Mlekare' - Subotica na aparatu CombiFoss 6200 FC. Varijabilnost analiziranih osobina je prikazana parametrima deskriptivne statistike, a uticaj laktacije po redu je utvrđen jednofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse. Prosečna vrednost za ukupnu količnu mleka kod ispitivane populacije koza iznosila je 362,83 kg, sa prosečnim sadržajem mlečne masti od 3,31%. Rezultati analize varijanse potvrđuju da su razlike koje su ustanovljene pod uticajem laktacije po redu za sve analizirane osobine, izuzev za procenat mlečne masti, bile značajne na nivou P lt 0.01

Povezanost telesne razvijenosti i mlečnosti koza u različitim laktacijama

This paper presents the results of the variability and correlation of body measurements and milk production of domestic Balkan goat breed that is reared in the mountain range Sharplanina, depending on the lactation. Studied animals were monitored and lactation, or order of kidding (I, II, III and IV and the next lactation together). Control of milk production, included a total of 290 goats in different lactations (first-81 animals, the second-69 heads, 71 heads third-and fourth and following along latkacije-69 heads). In order to determine the measure of body development in adult goats, one takes values for height at withers, body length, chest depth, chest width, the width of the cross and body weight. The variability of the analyzed characteristics is presented descriptive parameters and the effect of lactation is determined by a factorial analysis of variance. The determined average values for milk production and measures of body development are located within those identified for this population of goats. During these tests showed statistically significant correlation dependence (P lt 0.05) between all studied variables, except when it comes to length lactation period and individual measures of body development. The correlation coefficient between length of lactation and established measures of body development. are low and reflect the existence uncorrelation dependence, and their values range from 0.08 to 0.11, while they were unjustified and statistically (P> 0.05).U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja varijabilnosti i povezanosti osobina telesne razvijenosti i mlečnosti domaće balkanske rase koza u zavisnosti od laktacije po redu (I, II, III a IV i naredne laktacije zajedno). Kontrolom proizvodnje mleka bilo je obuhvaćeno ukupno 290 koza u različitim laktacijama (prva- 81 grla, druga- 69 grla, treća- 71 grla, a četvrta i naredne latkacije zajedno- 69 grla). U cilju utvrđivanja mera telesne razvijenosti odraslih koza izmerene su vrednosti za visinu grebena, dužinu trupa, dubinu grudi, širinu grudi, širinu krsta i telesnu masu. Varijabilnost analiziranih osobina opisana je parametrima deskriptivne statistike, a uticaj laktacije po redu je utvrđen jednofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse. Utvrđene prosečne vrednosti za proizvodnju mleka i mere telesne razvijenosti bile se u okviru onih koje su utvrđene za ovu populaciju koza. Ispitivanjem su utvrđene statistički značajne korelacije (P lt 0,05) između svih posmatranih parametara, izuzev kada je u pitanju dužina laktacionog perioda i pojedinih mera telesne razvijenosti koje statistički nisu bile značajne

Evaluation of interspecific DNA variability in poplars using AFLP and SSR markers

The objective of this paper was to examine interspecific DNA variation in poplars using AFLP and SSR markers. The AFLP and SSR markers polymorphism and its power of discrimination were determinedwithin 13 genotypes of different genetic background (clones, cultivars, hybrids) of two sections (Aigeiros and Tacamahaca) of genus Populus. Twelve sets of PTR and four sets of WPMS microsatellite primers as well as 6 AFLP primer combinations were used in this study. SSR and AFLP markers revealed high power of discrimination, 0.81 and 0.92 respectively. Results obtained using SSR data showed a clear separation of three major clusters, while four major clusters were obtained using AFLP data. Both markers crearly separated two distinct clusters, one included Populus nigra and the other Populus deltoides genotypes. According to both markers, different genetic background were revealed between two clones of Populus trichocarpa. When evaluating polymorphisms within genotypes ofinterest, microsatellite and AFLP DNA markers proved to be a useful tool for distinguishing genetic background of tree clones, cultivars and hybrid genotypes thus grouping them according to their genetic dissimilarity. The results presented in this study could be of significant interest in poplarbreeding programs and could also be used as a valuable annex in new bred clones registration process

Uticaj zastupljenosti kadmijuma i arsena u obroku na proizvodne i reproduktivne osobine koza

Animals require microelements in small quantities, and they play a role in virtually all physiological and biochemical processes. The role of microelements is important role from bone structure to maintaining the structure of proteins and lipids. Microelements are provided to animals in food, by special supplementation (premixes), or in water. In addition to essential minerals, which are regularly used in goat nutrition, there are 10 other elements present in traces (mg/kg or ppm) which are also indispensable for the goat's organism, as follows: Fe, J, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F. In addition to these, following elements have also been identified in goats' tissues: Al, B, Ge, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Ru, and Nb, however their significance for the organism of goats has still not been established. Their lack in goat nutrition may to a large extent contribute to lower yields and bad health.Mikroelementi su životinjama potrebni u malim količinama i učestvuju u skoro svim fiziološkim i biohemijskim procesima. Počev od strukture kostiju pa do održavanja strukture proteina i lipida, mikroelementi igraju važnu ulogu. Obezbeđenje životinja sa mikroelementima obavlja se putem hrane, posebnim dodavanjem (putem predsmeša) ili putem vode. U intenzivnoj proizvodnji njihovo dodavanje je obavezno, jer se samo tako mogu obezbediti u dovoljnim količinama za optimalno zdravstveno stanje i proizvodne rezultate. Osim esencijalnih minerala, koji se redovno koriste u ishrani koza, postoji još 10 elemenata prisutnih u tragovima (mg/kg ili ppm) koji su takođe, neophodni za organizam koza, a to su: Fe, J, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F. Pored navedenih, u tkivima koza identifikovani su još i: Al, B, Ge, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Ru, i Nb, za koje još nije utvrđeno u kojoj su meri neophodni u organizmu koza. Njihov nedostatak u ishrani koza u velikoj meri može doprineti nižoj proizvodnji i lošem zdravstvenom stanju

N,N′-Bis(2-chloro­phen­yl)propane­diamide

The crystal structure of the title compound, C15H12Cl2N2O2, contains three intramolecular hydrogen bonds; two C—H⋯O and a nonclassical N—H⋯Cl. The structure is further stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional network. The two benzene rings make an interplanar angle of 58.0 (1)°

3-Methyl-N-(2-methyl­phen­yl)benzamide

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, C15H15NO, involves an intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The central amide group –NH—C(=O)– is twisted by 37.95 (12)° out of the meta-substituted benzoyl ring and by 37.88 (12)° out of the ortho-substituted aniline ring. The two benzene rings are inclined to one another at only 4.2 (1)° having an inter­planar spacing of ca 0.90 Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into chains running along the b axis. A weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action is also present

N,N′-Bis(3-methyl­phen­yl)propane­diamide

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, C17H18N2O2, is symmetrical around the central C atom. The two halves of the mol­ecule are related by a twofold rotation axis. In each half of the mol­ecule, the structure is stabilized by intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, each amide group is almost coplanar with the adjacent benzene ring [dihedral angle is 9.2 (2)°]. The planes of the amide groups are inclined at an angle of 68.5 (1)°, while the two benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 70.40 (3)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains running along the c axis. Neighbouring chains are weakly coupled by π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7952 (8) Å]