Environmental dimorphism of the incidence of significant correlations between feet and body trunk parameters among 4-6-year-old children

Introduction. The issue of sexual and environmental dimorphism within the scope of somatic characteristics is discussed in numerous publications. Sexual dimorphism is obvious, well-described and undisputed. There are relatively few publications concerning statodynamic correlations between the parameters of feet and hip zone. Material and method. The study conducted with the group of children aged 4 to 6 years enabled to record 2,988 observations including 1,551 in the urban environment and 1,437 in the rural environment with regard to the measurement of the 87 parameters describing trunk and feet. The station for measurement of the selected parameters using the photogrammetric method consisted of a computer, a card, software, a display monitor, a printer and a projection-reception device with a camera. Conclusions 1. The number of foot parameters revealing significant correlations with trunk parameters and differentiating both environments is the same. Yet, in the rural environment the correlation with trunk parameters is slightly higher. The parameters differentiating the rural environment are the features describing the longitudinal arch and the ones relating to the urban environment are describing the morphological characteristics and disorders of the toe position. 2. The number of trunk parameters with which the foot parameters significantly correlate is considerably higher in the individuals from the urban environment and this correlation is more common. The number of sagittal parameters is the biggest, followed by the number of frontal parameters and the smallest number of transverse parameters

An attempt to identify significant correlations between parameters of body trunk and parameters of feet and their frequency in adolescents aged 14-18 years

Introduction. All disorders are temporary as a natural consequence of ontogenetic processes usually disappearing after puberty. Therefore, it is important to provide incentives in this period in order to maintain physical activity at a previously achieved level and try to shape the parameters of feet through exerting a conscious influence on body trunk parameters. Material and method. The study conducted with the group of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years enabled to record 2,343 observations with regard to the measurement of 90 parameters describing trunk and feet. The station for an assessment of body posture and feet using the photogrammetric method consisted of a computer, a card, software, a display monitor, a printer and a projection-reception device with a camera to measure the selected parameters. Conclusions 1.The values of frontal and sagittal body trunk parameters revealed a significant correlation with the parameters of feet. An increased frequency of these correlations was observed between the sagittal parameters of body trunk and feet. The relationship between transverse parameters was much less significant. 2.Feet parameters most often significantly correlated with: trunk flexion angle in the sagittal plane, height of thoracic kyphosis, angle of the projection line of lower scapula angles with the right or the left angle being more convex, lumbar lordosis length, asymmetry in the height of scapula triangles with the right scapula up, inclination of the thoracic and lumbar spine, shoulders line angle with the left one up and the angle of pelvic flexion to the right in the transverse plane. 3.Feet parameters with which trunk parameters most frequently correlated included: width of longitudinal arch 1, length of longitudinal arch 2 in the right foot, varus angle of the fifth toe and width of the right foot and length of the first arch in the left foot and length of the right and left foot

The frequency of significant relationships of selected features describing feet with the torso features among youth aged 7-13

Introduction. Research on the relationships and co-occurrence of the feet and torso features in a group of 4-6-year-old children showed that the values of the left foot features show a significantly more frequent relationship with the features of the torso than the right foot features. Material and method. The research was carried out in the group of adolescents aged 7 to 13 and registered 12,898 observations of the value of 90 features describing torso and feet. The working stand for measuring the features of body posture and feet using the photogrammetric method consists of a computer and a card, a programme, a monitor, a printer, and a projection-receiving device with a camera for measuring selected features. Conclusions A similar number of features of the right and left foot is often associated with the torso features. The following features like width of the feet, the angle of the 5thhallux valgus and the left foot big toe, the heel angle and height of the right foot second arch, the height of the second longitudinal arch and the length of the left foot, and the length of the first arch of the right foot show especially frequent relationships. The feet features show the most frequent significant relationship with the torso features of the frontal plane, whereas less of sagittal plane and occasionally of transversal plane. Torso features, which the most common features of the feet are significantly related to are the height and length of lumbar lordosis, the height of thoracic kyphosis, the angle of the torso flexion in the sagittal plane, the length of the thoracic kyphosis, the bent angle of the thoracic-lumbar spine, the depth of thoracic kyphosis, the depth of lumbar lordosis, and the inclination angle of the upper thoracic segment of the spine. The features of the feet are whereby most frequently related to the features of lumbar lordosis. &nbsp

Environmental dimorphism of the frequency of significant correlations of the torso features with the feet features among 7-13-year-old youth

Introduction. Studies on the correlation of selected torso and feet features among 7-13-year-old children and adolescents have shown that the most frequent and strongest correlations with feet features occur among girls at the age of 11 and 12 years and among boys at 11, 12 and 13 years old. Material and method. The research was carried out in the group of adolescents aged 7 to 13 and registered 16,462 observations, including 5,552 from the urban area and 10,910 from rural environment, together with 87 features describing torso and feet. The work stand for measuring selected features using the photogrammetric method consists of a computer and a card, programme, monitor, printer and a projection-receiving device with a camera. Conclusions The frequency of significant correlations of torso features with feet features that differentiate the rural environment from urban is greater, however, the urban area presents more frequent relationship with feet features at a different level. Features of the frontal and transversal plane tell the rural environment apart, whereas the urban environment is only differentiated by the frontal plane. The frequency of significant relationships of the feet features, which torso features correlate with and differentiate between the rural and urban environment is greater. Therefore, these are the morphological features that characterize the longitudinal arch of the feet. The features that differentiate the urban environment are those describing only the longitudinal arche

The influence of low-progressive scoliosis and its atlas on selected features of the pelvis and spine among 7-15-year-old youth of both sexes and environments

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the significant effect of low-progressive scoliosis and the location of its atlas on the values of selected features describing the pelvis and spine. Material and Methods. The study was carried out in a group of 2,361 subjects aged 7 to 15 years, in 6 semiannual consecutive editions. This allowed to record 16,608 observations of 31 features describing posture by photogrammetric method. Results. Three influential traits were selected for multiple regression analysis with selection of a subset of the optimal set of variables like the deviation of the spinous process to the left or right from the vertical and the location of the atlas of this deviation. Conclusions. (1) The effect of low-progressive scoliosis and its atlas on selected features of the spine and pelvis is multidirectional and varied. (2) Left and right low-progressive scoliosis significantly and positively affects almost all features of the spine and pelvis. Significant negative influence is episodic. The features with a significant relationship are Delta angle, the length of lumbar lordosis and the angle of pelvic torsion to the left and right. (3) The low-progressive scoliosis and its atlas show significant and negative effects on the angle of thoracic kyphosis and the length and height of lumbar lordosis

Wpływ terapii BEMER na wybrane wskaźniki krwi w ramach procesu odnowy biologicznej po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym. Studium przypadku = Effect of BEMER therapy on selected indicators of blood in the process of wellness after exercise endurance. Case study

Mrozkowiak Mirosław. Wpływ terapii BEMER na wybrane wskaźniki krwi w ramach procesu odnowy biologicznej po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym. Studium przypadku = Effect of BEMER therapy on selected indicators of blood in the process of wellness after exercise endurance. Case study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(4):278-298. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17080http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%284%29%3A278-298https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/555193http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17080Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.03.2015. Accepted: 10.04.2015. Wpływ terapii BEMER na wybrane wskaźniki krwi w ramach procesu odnowy biologicznej po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym. Studium przypadku Effect of BEMER therapy on selected indicators of blood in the process of wellness after exercise endurance. Case study Mirosław Mrozkowiak Instytut Kultury Fizycznej, Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Bydgoszcz, Polska  Słowa kluczowe: terapia BEMER, wskaźniki krwi, odnowa biologiczna, wysiłek wytrzymałościowy, studium przypadku. Keywords: BEMER therapy, blood indicators, wellness, exercise endurance, case study. Streszczenie Zasadniczymi naczyniami tworzącymi mikrokrążenie są naczynia włosowate. Pojedyncze naczynie włosowate ma średnicę około 6 p.m, sumaryczna powierzchnia przekroju naczyń włosowatych wynosi około 3000 cm2. Na każdy milimetr sześcienny ciała ludzkiego przypada średnio 600 naczyń włosowatych. Terapia systemem BEMR przy zastosowaniu kompleksowym lub uzupełniającym doskonali podstawowe procesy fizjologiczne, angiokinezę mikrokrążenia, doprowadzenie składników odżywczych i tlenu do komórek mięśniowych. Dzięki określonej modulacji biorytmicznej uzyskuje się synergiczny wpływ również na pierwotne i wtórne, nieco większe naczynia krwionośne.Materiał i metody. Badany mężczyzna realizujący zdrowy styl życia poddał się dwukrotnie pomiarowi wybranych wskaźników krwi i układu naczyniowego: po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym w czasie restytucji fizjologicznej oraz odnowie wspomaganej terapią BEMER.Uzyskane wyniki. Najbardziej znaczące zmiany w wybranych wskaźnikach krwi po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym zaobserwowano w: całkowitej ilości hemoglobiny najmniejsze w stężeniu jonów wodorowęglowych. Znamienne zmiany wystąpiły w okresie wczesnej odnowy we wskaźnikach: cząstkowym ciśnieniu tlenu (PO2), nasyceniu krwi tętniczej tlenem (SO2 (c)), oksyhemoglobinie (O2Hb), karboksyhemoglobinie (HbCO), methemoglobinie (MeHb) i hydroksyhemoglobinie (HHb).        Wnioski. Zastosowana metodyka i profil sygnału BEMER wpływa zróżnicowanie na wielkość wybranych cech krwi. Zastosowanie stymulacji BEMER w odnowie biologicznej po wysiłkach wytrzymałościowych u mężczyzn w 5-6 dekadzie życia może być uzasadnione i jako przygotowanie do wysiłku fizycznego.   Abstract The principal vesels are forming capillary microcirculation. A single capillary has a diameter of about 6 pm, the total cross sectional area of the capillary is about 3000 cm2. For every cubic millimeter of the human body is an average of 600 capillaries. BEMR therapy system using the complex or complement excellent basic physiological processes angiokinesis microcirculation bringing nutrients and oxygen to muscle cells. With specific modulation biorhythmical synergistic effect is achieved also into primary and secondary, slightly larger vessels.Materials and methods. Tested man pursuing a healthy lifestyle surrendered twice selected indicators measure the blood and the vascular system: after exercise endurance during physiological restitution and renewal BEMER assisted therapy.The obtained results. The most significant changes in selected indicators of blood after endurance exercise was observed in the total amount of hemoglobin smallest hydrocarbyl ion concentration. Significant changes occurred during early recovery in the indicators: partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SO2 (c)), oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), methemoglobin (MeHb) and hydroxyhemoglobin (HHB).Conclusions. Methodology and profile BEMER signal variation affects the size of the selected features of the blood. BEMER pacing in rejuvenating the efforts of strength in men in 5-6 decade of life may be justified, and in preparation for exercise

An attempt to determine the difference in the impact of loading with the mass of school supplies carried using the left- and right-hand thrust on body posture of 7-year-old pupils of both genders

Introduction. Periodically, the issue of overloading children with too heavy school backpacks is raised. Material and methods. Body posture tests were conducted in a group of 65 pupils aged 7 using mora projection in the following three positions: 1- habitual posture, 2 – body posture after pulling the container with school supplies for 10 minutes with the left hand, 3 - pull with the right hand. We measured physical fitness by means of the Sekita test. Then, we analysed the significance of differences between measurement 1 and 2, and measurement 3 and 4 to define the influence of load and correlation with physical fitness and to investigate which mode of transport, pulling with the left or right hand, disturbs body posture to a lesser extent. Conclusions. 1. Transporting a 4-kilo mass of school supplies with the right or left hand disturbs the biomechanical statics of the body of a 7-year-old child with the same significant and negative effect, which may cause postural mistakes in the long term and consequently postural defects. Therefore, this method of transporting school items should not be recommended to first form pupils. 2. General physical fitness is of greater positive importance in biomechanical disorders of body posture among boys than girls. Among boys, the relationships of individual postural characteristics are similar in both modes of transport, and among girls, more relationships are observed in the case of right hand pulling. The most significant motor skills among boys include endurance and strength and among girls - speed and strength. 3. Restitution of the size of any of the analysed body posture features was not complete 1 and 2 minutes after stopping pulling with the right or left hand

The incidence of significant correlations between body height and weight and foot parameters among 7-13-year-old children of both sexes and environments

The purpose of this study was to present the incidence of significant correlations between body weight and height and the selected parameters of feet among 7-13-year-old children. Material and methods. The study which was conducted among children aged 7-13 years during the period of 3 years, in 6 half-year editions, allowed the author to record 16462 observations with regard to the measurement of 48 parameters describing feet, body weight and height. The photogrammetric method was used to measure the selected parameters. Conclusions 1.Among children aged 7-13 years, body height revealed significantly more frequent correlations with the parameters of feet than body weight. Body height was reported to reveal more frequent significant correlations with the parameters of feet than body weight among boys and girls. As regards girls involved in the study, the proportions concerning the frequency of relationships concerning body height were similar to the percentage represented by boys whereas body-weight-related correlations were more frequent. Body weight and height were reported to correlate more often with the parameters of feet in the case of children living in the urban areas than those from the rural regions. 2.Among boys, the most frequent significant correlations between body weight and height and the parameters of feet were observed in subjects living in the urban environment. The percentage of relationships between body weight parameters observed in the rural environment was very low. Among girls from towns and cities, the prevalence of correlations between body weight and height outnumbered the rate of relationships in the rural environment

Relationships between selected parameters of pelvis in children and adolescents aged 3–20 years of age in the context of gender and environment

Introduction: Pelvis is a part of the skeletal system. It is a pelvic ring composed of the sacral bone, coccygeal bone and two pelvic bones, the right one and the left one. When walking, pelvis undergoes angular displacement in the frontal, sagittal and transverse planes. Material and methods: The studies were conducted in randomly selected kindergartens and schools from the urban and rural environment in the Warmia and Masuria region and the Pomerania region among 1832 male and 1974 female subjects at the age of 3 – 20 years. The photogrammetric method was applied to diagnose the angle of pelvic torsion to the left and to the right side in the frontal plane. Results: The general analysis of the correlation coefficient including positive and negative correlations suggested that the values ranged between 0.43 and 0.44 for KNM and KNM-, from -0.1 to 0.1 for KNM and KSM-, and from -0.08 to -0.04 for KNM and KSM. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for KNM- and KSM- ranged between -0.11 and -0.1, for KNM and KSM from -0.14 to 0.11, and for KSM- and KSM -0.72 to -0.7. Conclusions: A high degree of negative correlations was recorded between the angle of pelvic torsion in the transverse plane to the left and the angle of pelvis twisted to the right side. A poor degree of positive correlation was observed between the parameters of KNM and KSM- as well as KNM- and KSM. A poor negative correlation was reported between the parameters of KNM and KSM and the parameters of KNM- and KSM-. The correction procedure for the pelvic position should consider mutual interdependencies of tilt angles in the frontal plane and of torsion angles in the transverse plane

Zmiany frakcji hemoglobinowej we wczesnej i późnej samoistnej restytucja po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym mężczyzny w 6 dekadzie życia. Opis przypadku = Change the hemoglobin fraction in the early and late intrinsic restitution after exercise endurance of a man in the 6th Decade of life. Description of the case

Mrozkowiak Mirosław, Sokołowski Marek. Zmiany frakcji hemoglobinowej we wczesnej i późnej samoistnej restytucja po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym mężczyzny w 6 dekadzie życia. Opis przypadku = Change the hemoglobin fraction in the early and late intrinsic restitution after exercise endurance of a man in the 6th Decade of life. Description of the case. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(5):193-210. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.51448http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3519  The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 05.05.2016.  Zmiany frakcji hemoglobinowej we wczesnej i późnej samoistnej restytucja po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym mężczyzny w 6 dekadzie życia. Opis przypadkuChange the hemoglobin fraction in the early and late intrinsic restitution after exercise endurance of a man in the 6th Decade of life. Description of the case 1Mirosław Mrozkowiak, 2Marek Sokołowski 1Bioergonsport, Nowa Biała 8p, 09-411 Biała2Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, Poznań   Autor: dr Mirosław Mrozkowiak1, dr Marek Sokołowski21Bioergonsport, Nowa Biała 8p, 09-411 Biała2Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego, ul. Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, Poznań  Słowa kluczowe: wysiłek wytrzymałościowy, wczesna i późna samoistna restytucja, hemoglobina. Keywords: endurance effort, early and late spontaneous recovery, hemoglobin.  StreszczenieWprowadzenie. Systematycznie realizowana praca wytrzymałościowa umożliwia utrzymanie do późnych lat wysokiego poziomu aktywności enzymów utleniających, przy niezmiennej kapilaryzacji. Jednak po jej wykonaniu jedyną metodą powrotu do stanu zbliżonego sprzed wysiłku jest wypoczynek. To przerwa czasowa pomiędzy jedną a druga pracą, w okresie której wybrane cechy winny przyjąć wielkości odpowiadające fazie superkompensacji, a dalej conajmniej powrócić do stanu wyjściowego.Celem pracy jest wykazanie zmian w wielkości różnych frakcji hemoglobuliny we wczesnej i późnej restytucji samoistnej po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym u mężczyzny w 6 dekadzie życia.Materiał i metody. Badany mężczyzna realizujący zdrowy styl życia poddał się oznaczeniu wybranych wskaźników krwi po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym w czasie restytucji samoistnej: wskaźnik hematokrytowy (HCT), wskaźnik średniego stężenia hemoglobiny w erytrocytach (MCHC), wskaźnik masy hemoglobiny (MCH), stężenie hemoglobiny (HGB), hemoglobina całkowita (tHb), oksyhemoglobina (O2Hb), hemoglobina tlenkowęglowa, karboksyhemoglobina (COHb), deoksyhemoglobina (HHb), methemoglobina (MeHb), Uzyskane wyniki. Pozytywne wyniki zaobserwowano w większości mierzonych cech krwi. Przy czym różnie prezentowała się ich konfiguracja w trakcie 5 dniowego cyklu pomiarowego. Najbardziej dynamiczne zmiany zaobserwowano w wielkości: O2Hb, HCT, COHb, MeHb, HGB, tHb, mniej intensywne w: MCH, MCHC, HCT.Wnioski. (1) Proces wczesnej i późnej restytucji po wysiłku wytrzymałościowym u 61 letniego mężczyzny przebiega zgodnie z ogólnie przyjętymi przedziałami czasowymi. Okres wczesnej odnowy trwa 3-4 godziny, a późnej kończy się po 45 godzinie od zakończonej pracy, (2) Dla określenia dokładniejszych stref czasowych występowania wczesnej i późnej restytucji wymagane byłyby badania na stosunkowo większej populacji po wysiłkach fizycznych angażujących odmienne zdolności motoryczne o różnych parametrach, różnej płci i wieku.   Summary                Introduction. Systematically performed endurance work enables one to maintain, even in the old age, a high level of oxidizing enzymes and unchanged capillarization. After endurance effort, however, the only way to return to the physical stare from before the exercise is rest. It is during this period that comes between one work and the other that selected blood features should assume values tantamount to supercompensation phase and then return to their initial values.                The aim of the present study is to show the changes in the levels of various haemoglobin fractions as observed in a man in his sixties during the early and late spontaneous restitution after endurance effort.                Materials and methods. The studied male individual who lives a healthy life-style subjected himself to the markings of selected blood indicators after endurance effort during spontaneous restitution: haematocrit (HTC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), total haemoglobin (tHb), oxyhaemoglobin (O2Hb), carbonmonooxide haemoglobin, karboksihaemoglobin (COHb), deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb), methaemoglobin (MeHb).                Results. Positive results were observed in most of the measured blood features. However, their configuration in 5-day measurement cycle varied. The most dynamic changes were observed in the following: O2Hb, HCT, COHb, MeHb, HGB, tHb, and less intensive for: MCH, MCHC, HCT.                Conclusion. (1) The process of early and late restitution after endurance effort in a 61 year-old male individual runs accordingly to the commonly accepted time intervals. Early restitution period lasts 3-4 hours, and it ends 45 hours after the finished work (2). In order to more accurately determine time frames of the early and late restitution the research on a relatively larger population of varied sex and age is required; such a research would have to be conducted both before and after the physical efforts and it would have to engage various motoric functions of the studied individuals