Rana paraliza hemidijafragme uz kasniji razvoj poliradikulomijelitisa kao komplikacije leptospiroze – izvješće o studiji slučaja

We describe a patient with acute encephalomyeloradiculitis during leptospirosis. Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, noted on the 7th day of illness, appeared as the first neurological deficit. The patient was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for seven days, from the 7th day of illness. The symptoms of polyradiculitis appeared in the second phase of the illness, and progressed during high dose dexamethasone therapy. The patient recovered completely.Opisujemo bolesnika s akutnim encefalomijeloradikulitisom tijekom leptospiroze. Kao prvi neurološki deficit je 7. dana bolesti zabilježena unilateralna paraliza ošita. Bolesnik je od 7. dana bolesti liječen amoksicilin/klavulonskom kiselinom kroz 7 dana. Simptomi poliradikulitisa su se pojavili u drugoj fazi bolesti te su progredirali unatoč započetom liječenju visokim dozama deksametazona. Bolesnik se u konačnici potpuno oporavio

DISCOUNT RATE AS A MEASURE OF MONETARY POLICY FOR MARKET STABILIZATION - EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF SERBIA

The increase in interest rate is related to the efforts of monetary authorities to neutralize inflationary pressures; while the rate reduction can be interpreted as an invitation to business sector to access more favorable lending conditions. The effectiveness of these changes largely depends on the development level of financial system, the role of the central bank as a creditor and current economic situation. In this research an econometric regression double-logarithmic model was applied, with the main goal of examining the relationship between discount rate and its influence on interest rates and money supply on the example of the National Bank of Serbia. The results show the correlation between the NBS discount rate and interest rates of commercial banks and the amount of money in circulation, indicating their influence on market stability

Physiological aspects of resistance of common oak (Quercus robur L.), the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) and black poplar (Populus nigra L.) under conditions of water deficit

    U radu je ispitan uticaj vodnog deficita na fiziološke osobine klonova crne topole i populacija hrasta lužnjaka i cera, kao i mogućnost oporavka ovih biljaka nakon ponovnog uspostavljanja optimalnog vodnog režima. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ukaže na potencijal ispitivanih genotipova topole i hrastova za opstanak u  promenljivim uslovima životne sredine, u skladu sa aktuelnim klimatskim promenama koje uključuju smanjenje količine padavina i ograničenu dostupnost vode. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali specifično variranje ispitivanih morfo-anatomskih, fizioloških i biohemijskih parametara koje je zavisilo od momentalne vlažnosti zemljišta na primenjenom tretmanu (kontrola, suša praćena oporavkom, konstantna suša) i od genotipa biljke.     Negativan uticaj vodnog  deficita na tretmanu konstantne suše je u najmanjoj meri bio ispoljen na rastenje klona topole X/32, populaciju hrasta lužnjaka L1 i populaciju hrasta cera C1. Indeks tolerancije na stres izračunat na osnovu visine biljke (PHSI) takodje je potvrdio dobru morfološku prilagodjenost pomenutih genotipova na uslove suše. Dobijene vrednosti indeksa stoma ukazuju da vodni status ispitivanih populacija hrastova nije bio naroĉito pogodjen vodnim deficitom na sušnim tretmanima.     Tretman konstantne suše je u oba ogleda  doveo do najvećeg smanjenja vrednosti parametara razmene gasova kod skoro svih genotipova. S druge strane, primenjeni sušni tretmani nisu uslovili smanjenje sadržaja fotosintetiĉkih pigmenata, kao ni parametra Fv/Fm, kod većine ispitivanih biljaka. U odnosu na kontrolu, sadržaj prolina u listovima ispitivanih biljaka na tretmanu konstantne suše bio je    znaĉajno povećan, a aktivnost enzima nitrat-reduktaze značajno smanjena, kod većine genotipova.     Genotipovi kod kojih u uslovima jakog vodnog deficita nije došlo do značajne promene većine ispitivanih morfo-anatomskih, fizioloških i biohemijskih parametara mogu biti od velike važnosti kad je u pitanju njihov odabir i upotreba za uspešno pošumljavanje sušnih staništa, kojih će biti sve više usled negativnog uticaja brojnih ekoloških činilaca nastalih kao posledica klimatskih promena.The impact of water deficit and recovery on physiological features of the black poplar clones, as well as of the oaks populations were analyzed. The aim of this research was to indicate the potential of the studied genotypes for survival under changing environmental conditions, in accordance with current climate changes, which include the reduction in amount of rainfall and limited water availability. Obtained results have shown a specific variation of studied morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical parameters which depended on soil humidity on the applied treatment (control, drought followed by recovery and permanent drought), as well as on plant genotype. Water deficit on permanent drought treatment had little negative effect on plant growth of poplar clone X/32, as well as oak populations L1 and C1. Plant height stress tolerance index also confirmed good morphological adaptation to drought of these genotypes. Stomatal index was not negatively affected by water deficit in oak plants.     In both experiments, a permanent drought treatment led to the largest reduction in the values of gas exchange parameters in almost all genotypes. On the other hand, concentration of  photosynthetic pigments was not considerably decreased in plants exposed to water deficit, as well as the parameter Fv/Fm, in most examined plants. Compared to the control, the impact of permanent drought treatment  on biochemical parameters was expected, in the most cases.     Compared to the control, proline content in leaves of most examined genotypes was significantly increased on permanent drought treatment, while nitrate reductase activity was significantly decreased. Examined genotypes exhibiting slight or no reduction in values of the most  examined parameters during severe  drought stress, could be used for afforestation in arid sites. Arid habitats appeared to be more numerous due to the effects of global climate changes

Physiological aspects of resistance of common oak (Quercus robur L.), the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) and black poplar (Populus nigra L.) under conditions of water deficit

    U radu je ispitan uticaj vodnog deficita na fiziološke osobine klonova crne topole i populacija hrasta lužnjaka i cera, kao i mogućnost oporavka ovih biljaka nakon ponovnog uspostavljanja optimalnog vodnog režima. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ukaže na potencijal ispitivanih genotipova topole i hrastova za opstanak u  promenljivim uslovima životne sredine, u skladu sa aktuelnim klimatskim promenama koje uključuju smanjenje količine padavina i ograničenu dostupnost vode. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali specifično variranje ispitivanih morfo-anatomskih, fizioloških i biohemijskih parametara koje je zavisilo od momentalne vlažnosti zemljišta na primenjenom tretmanu (kontrola, suša praćena oporavkom, konstantna suša) i od genotipa biljke.     Negativan uticaj vodnog  deficita na tretmanu konstantne suše je u najmanjoj meri bio ispoljen na rastenje klona topole X/32, populaciju hrasta lužnjaka L1 i populaciju hrasta cera C1. Indeks tolerancije na stres izračunat na osnovu visine biljke (PHSI) takodje je potvrdio dobru morfološku prilagodjenost pomenutih genotipova na uslove suše. Dobijene vrednosti indeksa stoma ukazuju da vodni status ispitivanih populacija hrastova nije bio naroĉito pogodjen vodnim deficitom na sušnim tretmanima.     Tretman konstantne suše je u oba ogleda  doveo do najvećeg smanjenja vrednosti parametara razmene gasova kod skoro svih genotipova. S druge strane, primenjeni sušni tretmani nisu uslovili smanjenje sadržaja fotosintetiĉkih pigmenata, kao ni parametra Fv/Fm, kod većine ispitivanih biljaka. U odnosu na kontrolu, sadržaj prolina u listovima ispitivanih biljaka na tretmanu konstantne suše bio je    znaĉajno povećan, a aktivnost enzima nitrat-reduktaze značajno smanjena, kod većine genotipova.     Genotipovi kod kojih u uslovima jakog vodnog deficita nije došlo do značajne promene većine ispitivanih morfo-anatomskih, fizioloških i biohemijskih parametara mogu biti od velike važnosti kad je u pitanju njihov odabir i upotreba za uspešno pošumljavanje sušnih staništa, kojih će biti sve više usled negativnog uticaja brojnih ekoloških činilaca nastalih kao posledica klimatskih promena.The impact of water deficit and recovery on physiological features of the black poplar clones, as well as of the oaks populations were analyzed. The aim of this research was to indicate the potential of the studied genotypes for survival under changing environmental conditions, in accordance with current climate changes, which include the reduction in amount of rainfall and limited water availability. Obtained results have shown a specific variation of studied morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical parameters which depended on soil humidity on the applied treatment (control, drought followed by recovery and permanent drought), as well as on plant genotype. Water deficit on permanent drought treatment had little negative effect on plant growth of poplar clone X/32, as well as oak populations L1 and C1. Plant height stress tolerance index also confirmed good morphological adaptation to drought of these genotypes. Stomatal index was not negatively affected by water deficit in oak plants.     In both experiments, a permanent drought treatment led to the largest reduction in the values of gas exchange parameters in almost all genotypes. On the other hand, concentration of  photosynthetic pigments was not considerably decreased in plants exposed to water deficit, as well as the parameter Fv/Fm, in most examined plants. Compared to the control, the impact of permanent drought treatment  on biochemical parameters was expected, in the most cases.     Compared to the control, proline content in leaves of most examined genotypes was significantly increased on permanent drought treatment, while nitrate reductase activity was significantly decreased. Examined genotypes exhibiting slight or no reduction in values of the most  examined parameters during severe  drought stress, could be used for afforestation in arid sites. Arid habitats appeared to be more numerous due to the effects of global climate changes

DISCOUNT RATE AS A MEASURE OF MONETARY POLICY FOR MARKET STABILIZATION - EXAMPLE OF THE NATIONAL BANK OF SERBIA

The increase in interest rate is related to the efforts of monetary authorities to neutralize inflationary pressures; while the rate reduction can be interpreted as an invitation to business sector to access more favorable lending conditions. The effectiveness of these changes largely depends on the development level of financial system, the role of the central bank as a creditor and current economic situation. In this research an econometric regression double-logarithmic model was applied, with the main goal of examining the relationship between discount rate and its influence on interest rates and money supply on the example of the National Bank of Serbia. The results show the correlation between the NBS discount rate and interest rates of commercial banks and the amount of money in circulation, indicating their influence on market stability

Sweet’s syndrome – report of a patient with a variety of extraintestinal manifestations of ulcerative colitis

Sweetov sindrom je rijedak kožni poremećaj kojeg karakterizira izbijanje bolno osjetljivih crvenkastih plakova po koži, što je često praćeno febrilitetom, neutrofilijom u perifernoj krvi te nalazom pretežno perivaskularno smještenih nakupina neutrofila u histološkom preparatu bioptata kože. Bolest je u 50% slučajeva povezana s drugim bolestima i stanjima kao što su maligne bolesti, bakterijske i virusne infekcije, autoimune bolesti i kolagenoze, upalne bolesti crijeva, upotreba nekih lijekova, itd. Ulcerozni kolitis je idiopatska, imunološki uvjetovana upalna bolest crijeva koja je u malog broja bolesnika praćena i vancrijevnim manifestacijama bolesti, koje se najčešće razvijaju na koštano-zglobnom sustavu, koži i sluznicama. U ovom radu prikazujemo 39-godišnju bolesnicu s ulceroznim kolitisom u koje su se šest mjeseci nakon pojave kolitičkih tegoba razvili Sweetov sindrom, reaktivni poliartritis i poliserozitis. Kombiniranim protuupalnim liječenjem metil-prednizolonom i mesalazinom u terapijskim dozama postignuta je remisija ulceroznog kolitisa i povlačenje svih simptoma vancrijevnih manifestacija bolesti, no tri mjeseca kasnije je u bolesnice došlo do relapsa reaktivnog poliartritisa, koji je uspješno suzbijen primjenom ibuprofena. Kod sumnje na Sweetov sindrom potrebno je učiniti histološki pregled kožnih promjena te ukoliko se uz karakterističan histološki nalaz i prisutne ostale kliničke i laboratorijske kriterije postavi dijagnoza Sweetovog sindroma, potrebno je tragati za predležećim bolestima. Kao zlatni standard preporučeno liječenje sistemskom primjenom kortikosteroida se pokazalo učinkovitim u liječenju naše bolesnice.Sweet’s syndrome is a rare dermatological disorder characterized by eruption of painful reddish plaques on the skin, accompanied by fever, neutrophilia in peripheral blood and finding of perivascular neutrophilic infiltrates in the skin biopsy sample. The syndrome is in 50% of cases associated with other diseases and conditions such as malignancies, bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune and connective tissue diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, use of certain drugs, etc. Ulcerative colitis is idiopathic, immunologically mediated inflammatory bowel disease which is in a small proportion of patients associated with extraintestinal manifestations of disease, characteristically developed on the joints, skin and mucous membranes. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis in whom the six month period of colitis symptoms was followed by the development of Sweet’s syndrome, reactive polyarthritis and polyserositis. Using the combined anti-inflammatory treatment with methylprednisolone and mesalazine in therapeutical doses the remission of ulcerative colitis and regression of all extraintestinal manifestations was achieved, but three months later a relapse of reactive polyarthritis developed that was successfully treated with ibuprofen. When Sweet’s syndrome is suspected, the histological examination of the skin lesions should be performed, and if a characteristic histological finding is accompanied by other clinical and laboratory criteria and the diagnosis of Sweet’s syndrome is established, the search for underlying diseases should be done. The systemic treatment with corticosteroids, recommended as the golden standard, proved effective in the treatment of our patient

Responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants to cadmium toxicity in relation to magnesium nutrition

The influence of cadmium (Cd) on physiological processes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to either optimal mineral nutrition or the absence of magnesium (Mg) as well as the accumulation of cadmium and magnesium in plant organs were studied using the method of water culture in a greenhouse. Cd treatment reduced shoot fresh mass more strongly in Mg-supplied than in Mg-deficient plants. Negative effect of Cd on photosynthetic activity was more pronounced in T. aestivum than in Z. mays plants. Cd treatment decreased leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration in both Z. mays and T. aestivum, irrespective of the Mg supply. Cd was preferentially accumulated in the roots of both species. Catalase activity in T. aestivum leaves and roots was unaffected by Cd and Mg supply. Cd treatment did not affect Fe accumulation in the leaves of either species, while in the roots a considerable increase occurred, irrespective of the Mg nutrition. Higher tolerance of Z. mays and T. aestivum plants to Cd toxicity exposed to Mg deficiency could partly be ascribed to the preservation of Fe nutrition

Endonasal Endoscopic Hydatid Cyst Removal Located in the Pterygopalatine Fossa

Introduction: Hydatid cyst (Echinococcosis) is a zoonosis, most commonly caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The disease has a worldwide geographic distribution and the Mediterranean region is an important endemic area. Definitive hosts are carnivores (e.g. dogs, foxes, cats), and humans are accidental hosts. The infection occurs by ingesting food contaminated with Echinoccocus eggs. Hydatid cysts are most commonly seen in the liver and lungs. Head and neck involvment is rare. To our knowledge, this is the sixth reported case of pterygopalatine fossa involvement in literature. Case report: A 45-years old female patient presented with a hydatid cyst in the right pterygopalatine fossa, which was accidentally discovered on MRI of the head performed for follow up due to previous hydatid cyst management in the parietooccipital brain lobe. We managed the cyst with endoscopic endonasal approach. Discussion: In this report, we present a case of hydatid cyst of the right pterygopalatine fossa and right middle nose meatus which was treated with endoscopic endonasal approach. Conclusion: The hydatid cyst of pterygopalatine fossa is extremely rare. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory in the management of hydatid cysts. Endoscopic endonasal management has low morbidity and the technique may vary due to surgeon skills, localization of the cyst and available instruments