Utjecaj gladovanja na aktivnost glukoneogenih enzima u jetri i bubrezima pačića.

Blood glucose concentration, liver and kidney gluconeogenic enzyme activities were investigated during a six-day fasting period in ducklings (English heavy breed Peking Duck). Food deprivation commenced when ducklings reached the age of twenty-eight days. Normally fed ducklings were used as a control group. The ducklings were sacrificed by decapitation after a fasting period of three, four, five and six days, and blood and tissue samples were collected from both groups for analysis. During the experiment the concentration of blood glucose was above 6 mmol/L in both the control and experimental groups, except on experimental day three. Significant rises in glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) (G6Pase) activities in the liver were observed on starvation days four, five and six (P = 0.0012, P = 0.0109, P = 0.0279), and in the kidney on starvation days five and six (P = 0.0373, P = 0.0206, respectively). Hepatic fructose-1.6-bis-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) (FDPase) activity showed a significant difference between the fasted and control group only after a four-day fast (P = 0.0491), whereas renal enzyme activity increased after four (P = 0.0279) and six (P = 0.0373) days of food deprivation. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) (PEPCK) activity in the liver of fasted ducklings significantly decreased on fasting day five (P = 0.0012), whereas in the kidney a significant rise in four-day fasted animals (P = 0.032) was observed in comparison with the normally fed controls. The results showed that ducklings are able to maintain blood glucose concentration during a six-day fasting period. Changes in gluconeogenic enzyme activities indicate the important role of liver and renal gluconeogenesis for the maintenance of blood glucose concentration in fasted ducklings. These findings agree with earlier data obtained on chicken, thus confirming the similarities between the two avian species regarding the maintenance of blood glucose level with the process of gluconeogenesis during longer fasting.Istraživana je koncentracija glukoze u krvi i aktivnost glukoneogenih enzima u jetri i bubregu pekinških pačića (English heavy breed Peking Duck) tijekom šestodnevnog gladovanja, koje je započeto s navršena četiri tjedna života. Normalno hranjeni pačići služili su kao kontrolna skupina. Pačići su bili žrtvovani dekapitacijom nakon trećeg, četvrtog, petog i šestog dana istraživanja, a krv i uzorci tkiva za analize sakupljani su istovremeno od obje skupine. Tijekom istraživanja, osim trećeg dana, koncentracija glukoze u krvi kontrolne i pokusne skupine bila je veća od 6 mmol/L. Značajan porast aktivnosti glukoze-6-fosfataze (EC 3.1.3.9) (G6Pase) u jetri ustanovljen je četvrtog, petog i šestog dana gladovanja (P = 0.0012, P = 0.019, P = 0.0279), a u bubrezima petog i šestog dana gladovanja (P = 0.0373, P = 0.0206). Aktivnost fruktoze-1,6-bis fosfataze (EC 3.1.3.11) (FDPase) u jetri bila je značajno veća u pokusne nego u kontrolne skupine samo četvrtog dana gladovanja (P = 0.0491), dok je u bubrezima porasla četvrtog (P = 0.0279) i šestog (P = 0.0373) dana gladovanja. Aktivnost fosfoenolpiruvat karboksikinaze (EC 4.1.1.32) (PEPCK) u jetri pačića značajno je pala petog dana gladovanja (P = 0.0012), dok je u bubrezima značajno porasla četvrtog dana gladovanja (P = 0.032). Rezultati su pokazali da pačići s navršena četiri tjedna života mogu održavati koncentraciju glukoze u krvi tijekom šestodnevnog gladovanja. Promjene u aktivnostima glukoneogenih enzima upućuju na važnu ulogu procesa glukoneogeneze u jetri i bubrezima za održavanje normoglikemije pačića koji gladuju. Takvi nalazi slažu se s dobro poznatim podacima za piliće, što pokazuje da postoji sličnost između te dvije ptičje vrste u održavanju razine glukoze u krvi procesom glukoneogeneze tijekom dužeg gladovanja

Utjecaj gladovanja na aktivnost glukoneogenih enzima u jetri i bubrezima pačića.

Blood glucose concentration, liver and kidney gluconeogenic enzyme activities were investigated during a six-day fasting period in ducklings (English heavy breed Peking Duck). Food deprivation commenced when ducklings reached the age of twenty-eight days. Normally fed ducklings were used as a control group. The ducklings were sacrificed by decapitation after a fasting period of three, four, five and six days, and blood and tissue samples were collected from both groups for analysis. During the experiment the concentration of blood glucose was above 6 mmol/L in both the control and experimental groups, except on experimental day three. Significant rises in glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) (G6Pase) activities in the liver were observed on starvation days four, five and six (P = 0.0012, P = 0.0109, P = 0.0279), and in the kidney on starvation days five and six (P = 0.0373, P = 0.0206, respectively). Hepatic fructose-1.6-bis-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) (FDPase) activity showed a significant difference between the fasted and control group only after a four-day fast (P = 0.0491), whereas renal enzyme activity increased after four (P = 0.0279) and six (P = 0.0373) days of food deprivation. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) (PEPCK) activity in the liver of fasted ducklings significantly decreased on fasting day five (P = 0.0012), whereas in the kidney a significant rise in four-day fasted animals (P = 0.032) was observed in comparison with the normally fed controls. The results showed that ducklings are able to maintain blood glucose concentration during a six-day fasting period. Changes in gluconeogenic enzyme activities indicate the important role of liver and renal gluconeogenesis for the maintenance of blood glucose concentration in fasted ducklings. These findings agree with earlier data obtained on chicken, thus confirming the similarities between the two avian species regarding the maintenance of blood glucose level with the process of gluconeogenesis during longer fasting.Istraživana je koncentracija glukoze u krvi i aktivnost glukoneogenih enzima u jetri i bubregu pekinških pačića (English heavy breed Peking Duck) tijekom šestodnevnog gladovanja, koje je započeto s navršena četiri tjedna života. Normalno hranjeni pačići služili su kao kontrolna skupina. Pačići su bili žrtvovani dekapitacijom nakon trećeg, četvrtog, petog i šestog dana istraživanja, a krv i uzorci tkiva za analize sakupljani su istovremeno od obje skupine. Tijekom istraživanja, osim trećeg dana, koncentracija glukoze u krvi kontrolne i pokusne skupine bila je veća od 6 mmol/L. Značajan porast aktivnosti glukoze-6-fosfataze (EC 3.1.3.9) (G6Pase) u jetri ustanovljen je četvrtog, petog i šestog dana gladovanja (P = 0.0012, P = 0.019, P = 0.0279), a u bubrezima petog i šestog dana gladovanja (P = 0.0373, P = 0.0206). Aktivnost fruktoze-1,6-bis fosfataze (EC 3.1.3.11) (FDPase) u jetri bila je značajno veća u pokusne nego u kontrolne skupine samo četvrtog dana gladovanja (P = 0.0491), dok je u bubrezima porasla četvrtog (P = 0.0279) i šestog (P = 0.0373) dana gladovanja. Aktivnost fosfoenolpiruvat karboksikinaze (EC 4.1.1.32) (PEPCK) u jetri pačića značajno je pala petog dana gladovanja (P = 0.0012), dok je u bubrezima značajno porasla četvrtog dana gladovanja (P = 0.032). Rezultati su pokazali da pačići s navršena četiri tjedna života mogu održavati koncentraciju glukoze u krvi tijekom šestodnevnog gladovanja. Promjene u aktivnostima glukoneogenih enzima upućuju na važnu ulogu procesa glukoneogeneze u jetri i bubrezima za održavanje normoglikemije pačića koji gladuju. Takvi nalazi slažu se s dobro poznatim podacima za piliće, što pokazuje da postoji sličnost između te dvije ptičje vrste u održavanju razine glukoze u krvi procesom glukoneogeneze tijekom dužeg gladovanja

Epigenetic Aspects of a New Probiotic Concept—A Pilot Study

Several studies report the important role of an altered gut microbiota in the development of obesity, highlighting the potential use of probiotics in the treatment of obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a novel probiotic approach on the expression of specific miRNAs and mRNAs associated with obesity in combination with the hypocholesterolemic octacosanol. Twenty overweight/obese women participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study and were randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group (daily one capsule containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (DSM9843), Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, and 40 mg octacosanol; N = 12) and the placebo group (N = 8). Changes in lipid parameters and expression of miRNAs and mRNAs were assessed before (T0) and after the 12-week intervention (T1). After the intervention, the expression of miR-155-5p (9.38 ± 0.85 vs. 8.38 ± 1.06, p = 0.05) and miR-24-3p (3.42 ± 0.38 vs. 2.71 ± 0.97, p = 0.031) showed significant decreases in the intervention group when compared to the control group. At T1, the expression of miR-155-5p (8.69 ± 1.31 vs. 9.3 ± 0.85, p = 0.04), miR-125b-5p (5.41 ± 1.18 vs. 5.99 ± 1.36, p = 0.049), and TNF-α (10.24 ± 1.66 vs. 11.36 ± 1.12, p = 0.009) were significantly decreased in the intervention group. No changes in lipids and anthropometric parameters were observed. The novel probiotic approach had a positive effect on regulating the expression of certain miRNAs and mRNAs important for regulating inflammation and adipogenesis, which are essential for obesity onset and control

Efekti suplementacije probiotikom na morfologiju krvnih pločica gojaznih žena i žena sa prokomernom težinom

Obesity could be associated with enhanced platelet (PL) function and thrombosis. Also, changes in gut microbiota composition were observed in obese patients, and probiotics supplementation has been shown to improve some of the obesity-associated metabolic parameters. This study aimed to determine the possible effects of probiotic supplementation on platelet morphology in overweight/obese premenopausal women.Twenty overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) women participated in double- blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. They were randomly assigned to receive one capsule daily of probiotics (7x1010 CFU Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (DSM9843), 5x109 CFU Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and 40mg octacosanol; N=10) or placebo (N=10) for 3 months. To determine changes in the parameters of platelet activation - the platelet count (PC), platelet distribution width (PDW), Feret diameter, and hypogranular appearance, blood samples were obtained for an automated hematology analyser and peripheral smears staining. Although difference in PC was not found between groups, supplementation with probiotics decreased PDW compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). Regarding platelets diameter, there is an decrease in group supplemented with probiotics compared to placebo, however, a statistical difference has not been reached. Further, the proportion of hypogranular PL was increased in a probiotic-supplemented group compared to the placebo group (p<0.01). In conclusion, probiotic supplementation achieved improvements in platelets morphology and hematological indices in overweight/obese premenopausal women.Gojaznost je često povezana sa povećanom funkcijom krvnih pločica i trombozom. Takođe, istraživanja ukazuju na promenjen sastav mikrobioma creva kod gojaznih osoba, kao i da suplementacija određenim probioticima može imati pozitivan uticaj na telesnu masu. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj suplementacije probiotskog preparata na morfološke karakteristike krvnih pločica u randomizovanoj, dvostruko-slepoj, placebo-kontrolisanoj studiji. U tu svrhu, regrutovano je 20 žena sa prekomernom težinom (BMI ≥ 25,0 kg/m2) koje su podeljene u dve grupe. Prva grupa je pila dnevno jednu kapsulu probiotskog preparata tokom tri meseca (kombinaciju soja Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (DSM9843), Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii i 40 mg oktakozanola; N = 10), dok je druga grupa bila placebo grupa. Određen je broj krvnih pločica, i njihova raspodela po volumenu (eng. platelet distribution width, PDW), a zatim je posmatrana morfologija krvnih pločica i izmeren njihov dijametar iz krvnih razmaza. Analiza je pokazala da su krvne pločice kod gojaznih/žena sa prekomernom težinom uglavnom krupne, što je jedan od pokazatelja njihove aktivnosti. U interventoj grupi nije zapažena promena u broju krvnih pločica, ali je značajno smanjen PDW u poređenju sa placebo grupom (p < 0,05). Dalje, pokazano je da je udeo hipogranularnih krvnih pločica bio povećan u poređenju sa placebo grupom (p < 0,01). Ovi rezultati ukazuju na pozitivan efekat probiotika na morfološke karakteristike krvnih pločica i mogućnost primene probiotika u regulaciji njihove aktivnosti u patološkim stanjima.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra

Razvoj novih antidijabetičkih lekova na bazi polioksometalatnih nanoklastera

Zahvaljujući brojnim istraživanjima koja su ispitivala biološka svojstva strukturno različitih polioksometalata, došlo se do zapažanja da ova kompleksna neorganska jedinjenja, pored antimikrobnog i antitumorskog delovanja, mogu biti delotvorna u snižavanju hiperglikemije kod pacova sa eksperimentalno izazvanim dijabetesom. Stoga, cilj ove studije je bio da se ispitaju antidijabetički potencijal i mogući toksični efekti dva polioksovolframata:(NH4 )14[NaP5 W30O110]·31H2 O, {NaP5 W30} i K14[AgP5 W30O110]·22H2 O·6KCl, {AgP5 W30}. U cilju realizacije postavljenog cilja, korišćena su tri eksperimentalna modela: (1) antihiperglikemijska screening studija u kojoj je ispitivan uticaj jednokratne intraperitonealne primene {NaP5 W30} i {AgP5 W30} (5, 10 i 20 mg/kg) na snižavanje hiperglikemije kod dijabetičkih pacova, (2) akutna peroralna toksikološka studija koja je istraživala hepato- i nefrotoksične efekte odabranih heteropolivolframata kod zdravih pacova i (3) studija posvećena rasvetljavanju mogućih mehanizama antidijabetičkog delovanja heteropolivolframata. Rezultati screening studije su pokazali da su oba ispitivana heteropolivolframata efikasna u snižavanju hiperglikemije, s tim što se {NaP5 W30}, u odnosu na {AgP5 W30}, pokazao kao moćniji antihiperglikemijski agens. Rezultati biohemijskih parametara funkcije i patohistološka analiza jetre i bubrege korišćenjem konvencionalne svetlosne i transmisione elektronske mikroskopije pokazuju da dvonedeljna primena {NaP5 W30} i {AgP5 W30} (20 mg/kg) izaziva blagi do umereni stepen hepato- i nefrotoksičnosti kod zdravih životinja. U poslednjem eksperimentalnom protokolu, pokazano je da tronedeljna peroralna primena {NaP5 W30} (20 mg/kg) povećava koncentraciju insulina u serumu dijabetičkih pacova, što može biti jedan od mehanizama njegovog antidijabetičkog delovanja. Takođe, pokazano je da {NaP5 W30} ispoljava hepato-, nefro-, kardio- i neuroprotektivno dejstvo kod dijabetičkih pacova, što je procenjeno na osnovu analize: (1) relativne mase organa, (2) biohemijskih parametara funkcije, (3) parametara oksidativnog stresa u homogenatu tkiva, (4) aktivnosti acetilholinesteraze, Na+ /K+-ATPaze i ecto-ATPaza u sinaptozomima i (5) patohistoloških promena u tkivima korišćenjem konvencionalne svetlosne i transmisione elektronske mikroskopije. Stoga, {NaP5 W30} i {AgP5 W30} mogu se smatrati mogućim neinsulinskim lekovima-kandidatima u terapiji dijabetesa tipa 2, koji bi se podvrgli daljim pretkliničkim istraživanjima.Simpozijum „Stremljenja i novine u medicini“ Medicinskog fakulteta u Beogradu, Beograd, 04-08. decembra, 2023

Docking studies, cytotoxicity evaluation and interactions of binuclear copper(ii) complexes with s-isoalkyl derivatives of thiosalicylic acid with some relevant biomolecules

The numerous side effects of platinum based chemotherapy has led to the design of new therapeutics with platinum replaced by another transition metal. Here, we investigated the interactions of previously reported copper(II) complexes containing S-isoalkyl derivatives, the salicylic acid with guanosine-5′-monophosphate and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and their antitumor effects, in a colon carcinoma model. All three copper(II) complexes exhibited an affinity for binding to CT-DNA, but there was no indication of intercalation or the displacement of ethidium bromide. Molecular docking studies revealed a significant affinity of the complexes for binding to the minor groove of B-form DNA, which coincided with DNA elongation, and a higher affinity for binding to Z-form DNA, supporting the hypothesis that the complex binding to CT-DNA induces a local transition from B-form to Z-form DNA. These complexes show a moderate, but selective cytotoxic effect toward colon cancer cells in vitro. Binuclear complex of copper(II) with S-isoamyl derivative of thiosalicylic acid showed the highest cytotoxic effect, arrested tumor cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory molecules pro-IL-1β, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in the tissue of primary heterotopic murine colon cancer, which was accompanied by a significantly reduced tumor growth and metastases in the lung and liver

Using Decision Tree Classifier for Analyzing Students’ Activities

In this paper students’ activities data analysis in the course Introduction to programming at Faculty of Electrical Engineering in East Sarajevo is performed. Using the data that are stored in the Moodle database combined with manually collected data, the model was developed to predict students’ performance in successfully passing the final exam. The goal was to identify variables that could help teachers in predicting students’ performance and making specific recommendations for improving individual activities that could directly influence final exam successful passing. The model was created using decision tree classifier and experiments were performed using the WEKA data mining tool. The effect of input attributes on the model performances was analyzed and applying appropriate techniques a higher accuracy of the generated model was achieved