BEITRAGE VON DR. GEORG CATTI IN DER LARYNGOLOGIE DER JAHRHUNDERTWENDE

In the introductory part the authors summarize the main bibliographical features of the internist and laryngologist dr. Georg Catti (fujeka 1849 - Begunje 1923). From 1866 until 1879 he stayed in Vienna where he finished his studies of medicine and started a successful professional career. The stay at the clinic of prof. dr. Schrcitter was the decisive factor for his further specialization, so that he became a successful internist as well a laryngologist. Catti spent the longest period of his career till the retirement in l919 as a doctor in a civic hospital in his home town. Having established many professional contacts with very many colleagues throughout Europe he was taking part in many international conferences and also publishing in the most popular medical journals. The second part ofthis paper presents the summaries from the important bibliographic work of dr. Catti that consists of two stages. The first one is the Viennese period (1875-1879) during which he as an assistant published 7 papers dealing with casuistry of laryngologic clinic of prof. dr. Schrotter. Catti is here presented not only as an outstanding expert in indirect laringoscopy but also as a meticulous sugeon in nasopharynx. In that fleld he also invented "Nascn-Rachenraum Zangen" fnose-pharynx forccps). The sccond group of papers (1880-1921] consists of l0 papers based on the orvn laryngologic expericnce gained rvith patients in llijeka. These papcrs lverc publlshed in journals, proceedings and handbooks of Heymann. Hc also published a paper from the arca of intcrn medicine

BEITRAGE VON DR. GEORG CATTI IN DER LARYNGOLOGIE DER JAHRHUNDERTWENDE

In the introductory part the authors summarize the main bibliographical features of the internist and laryngologist dr. Georg Catti (fujeka 1849 - Begunje 1923). From 1866 until 1879 he stayed in Vienna where he finished his studies of medicine and started a successful professional career. The stay at the clinic of prof. dr. Schrcitter was the decisive factor for his further specialization, so that he became a successful internist as well a laryngologist. Catti spent the longest period of his career till the retirement in l919 as a doctor in a civic hospital in his home town. Having established many professional contacts with very many colleagues throughout Europe he was taking part in many international conferences and also publishing in the most popular medical journals. The second part ofthis paper presents the summaries from the important bibliographic work of dr. Catti that consists of two stages. The first one is the Viennese period (1875-1879) during which he as an assistant published 7 papers dealing with casuistry of laryngologic clinic of prof. dr. Schrotter. Catti is here presented not only as an outstanding expert in indirect laringoscopy but also as a meticulous sugeon in nasopharynx. In that fleld he also invented "Nascn-Rachenraum Zangen" fnose-pharynx forccps). The sccond group of papers (1880-1921] consists of l0 papers based on the orvn laryngologic expericnce gained rvith patients in llijeka. These papcrs lverc publlshed in journals, proceedings and handbooks of Heymann. Hc also published a paper from the arca of intcrn medicine

BEITRAGE VON DR. GEORG CATTI IN DER LARYNGOLOGIE DER JAHRHUNDERTWENDE

In the introductory part the authors summarize the main bibliographical features of the internist and laryngologist dr. Georg Catti (fujeka 1849 - Begunje 1923). From 1866 until 1879 he stayed in Vienna where he finished his studies of medicine and started a successful professional career. The stay at the clinic of prof. dr. Schrcitter was the decisive factor for his further specialization, so that he became a successful internist as well a laryngologist. Catti spent the longest period of his career till the retirement in l919 as a doctor in a civic hospital in his home town. Having established many professional contacts with very many colleagues throughout Europe he was taking part in many international conferences and also publishing in the most popular medical journals. The second part ofthis paper presents the summaries from the important bibliographic work of dr. Catti that consists of two stages. The first one is the Viennese period (1875-1879) during which he as an assistant published 7 papers dealing with casuistry of laryngologic clinic of prof. dr. Schrotter. Catti is here presented not only as an outstanding expert in indirect laringoscopy but also as a meticulous sugeon in nasopharynx. In that fleld he also invented "Nascn-Rachenraum Zangen" fnose-pharynx forccps). The sccond group of papers (1880-1921] consists of l0 papers based on the orvn laryngologic expericnce gained rvith patients in llijeka. These papcrs lverc publlshed in journals, proceedings and handbooks of Heymann. Hc also published a paper from the arca of intcrn medicine

CONTRIBUTION OF DR. GEORG CATTI IN LARYNGOLOGY IN TRANSITION FROM I9TH TO 2OTH CENTURY

In the introductory part the authors summarize the main bibliographical features of the internist and laryngologist dr. Georg Catti (fujeka 1849 - Begunje 1923). From 1866 until 1879 he stayed in Vienna where he finished his studies of medicine and started a successful professional career. The stay at the clinic of prof. dr. Schrcitter was the decisive factor for his further specialization, so that he became a successful internist as well a laryngologist. Catti spent the longest period of his career till the retirement in l919 as a doctor in a civic hospital in his home town. Having established many professional contacts with very many colleagues throughout Europe he was taking part in many international conferences and also publishing in the most popular medical journals. The second part ofthis paper presents the summaries from the important bibliographic work of dr. Catti that consists of two stages. The first one is the Viennese period (1875-1879) during which he as an assistant published 7 papers dealing with casuistry of laryngologic clinic of prof. dr. Schrotter. Catti is here presented not only as an outstanding expert in indirect laringoscopy but also as a meticulous sugeon in nasopharynx. In that fleld he also invented "Nascn-Rachenraum Zangen" fnose-pharynx forccps). The sccond group of papers (1880-1921] consists of l0 papers based on the orvn laryngologic expericnce gained rvith patients in llijeka. These papcrs lverc publlshed in journals, proceedings and handbooks of Heymann. Hc also published a paper from the arca of intcrn medicine

The posterior ridge of the greater tuberosity of the humerus: a suitable landmark for the posterior approach to the shoulder joint?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the posterior ridge of the greater tuberosity, a palpable prominence during surgery, as a landmark for the posterior approach to the glenohumeral joint.Methods: Twenty-five human cadaveric shoulders were dissected. In 5 cases, a full-thickness rotator cuff tear was present. The posterior surgical anatomy was defined, and the distance from the ridge to the interval between the infraspinatus (IS) and teres minor (TM) muscle, the distance from the ridge to the inferior border of the glenoid (IBG), and the distance between the IS-TM interval and the IBG were determined.Results: In all specimens, a prominent ridge on the posterior greater tuberosity lateral to the articular margin could be identified. The IS-TM interval was located, on average, 3 mm proximal to this ridge. The IS-TM interval corresponded to a point 5 mm proximal to the IBG. In all shoulders, the ridge was located, on average, 8 mm proximal to the IBG. The plane of the IS-TM interval showed a vertically oblique direction.Conclusion: The posterior ridge of the greater tuberosity is a suitable landmark to locate the internervous plane between the IS and TM and should not be crossed distally. Unlike other landmarks, the ridge moves with the humeral head, making it is less dependent on the patient's size, sex, and arm position and the quality of the rotator cuff. The ridge is always located proximal to the insertion of the TM and IBG

Multiple bilateral asymmetrical deficiency of trunk muscles

Trunk muscles are an important source for pedicled and free flaps in reconstructive surgery. Unilateral deficiencies of trunk muscles are well known, either isolated or as part of Poland's syndrome. Bilateral muscular deficiencies and a "bilateral Poland anomaly” have also been sporadically reported, but this is rare. We report on an 82-year-old male cadaver with clinically obscure, asymmetric bilateral deficiencies of the majority of trunk muscles. There was a history of acute poliomyelitis in childhood. Histological examination of representative muscle samples of the trunk showed extensive muscle atrophy with fat and connective tissue replacement. This was compatible with the prior diagnosis of poliomyelitis. However, representative sections of the spinal cord failed to reveal the antecedent poliomyelitis. The possibility of subclinical bilateral deficiencies of trunk muscles has to be taken into account in patients with a history of poliomyelitis when planning reconstructions in cases of regional pedicled muscle transfers or free microvascular tissue transfers in reconstructive surger

The interaction between the vastus medialis and vastus intermedius and its influence on the extensor apparatus of the knee joint

Although the vastus medialis (VM) is closely associated with the vastus intermedius (VI), there is a lack of data regarding their functional relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical interaction between the VM and VI with regard to their origins, insertions, innervation and function within the extensor apparatus of the knee joint.Methods: Eighteen human cadaveric lower limbs were investigated using macro-dissection techniques. Six limbs were cut transversely in the middle third of the thigh. The mode of origin, insertion and nerve supply of the extensor apparatus of the knee joint were studied. The architecture of the VM and VI was examined in detail, as was their anatomical interaction and connective tissue linkage to the adjacent anatomical structures.Results: The VM originated medially from a broad hammock-like structure. The attachment site of the VM always spanned over a long distance between: (1) patella, (2) rectus femoris tendon and (3) aponeurosis of the VI, with the insertion into the VI being the largest. VM units were inserted twice—once on the anterior and once on the posterior side of the VI. The VI consists of a complex multi- layered structure. The layers of the medial VI aponeurosis fused with the aponeuroses of the tensor vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis. Together, they form the two- layered intermediate layer of the quadriceps tendon. The VM and medial parts of the VI were innervated by the same medial division of the femoral nerve.Conclusion: The VM consists of multiple muscle units inserting into the entire VI. Together, they build a potential functional muscular complex. Therefore, the VM acts as an indirect extensor of the knee joint regulating and adjusting the length of the extensor apparatus throughout the entire range of motion. It is of clinical importance that, besides the VM, substantial parts of the VI directly contribute to the medial pull on the patella and help to maintain medial tracking of the patella during knee extension. The interaction between the VM and VI, with responsibility for the extension of the knee joint and influence on the patellofemoral function, leads readily to an understanding of common clinical problems found at the knee joint as it attempts to meet contradictory demands for both mobility and stability. Surgery or trauma in the anteromedial aspect of the quadriceps muscle group might alter a delicate interplay between the VM and VI. This would affect the extensor apparatus as a whole

The applicability of the “3D fess slices®” anatomical model of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in teaching anatomy

Cilj: Utvrditi primjenjivost anatomskog modela nosne šupljine i pripadajućih parana- zalnih sinusa „3D fess slices®” u nastavi anatomije i otorinolaringologije. Metode: U istraživa- nje u školskoj godini 2012./2013. bile su uključene dvije grupe studenata, studenti Sveučilišta u Zürichu na kolegiju Klinička anatomija (N = 94) i studenti Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci (N = 116). U Rijeci su to bili studenti Dentalne medicine, prve (N = 29), treće godine (N = 23) i pete godine Opće medicine na kolegiju Otorinolaringologija (N = 64). Nakon proučavanja anatomskih modela nosne šupljine i paranazalnih sinusa, studenti su ispunili anketu koju je oblikovala jedna od autorica (T. Š. V.). Rezultati: Svi studenti izrazito su pozitivnim od- govorom na posljednje pitanje ankete pokazali veliku motiviranost u učenju anatomije kroz primjenu anatomskog modela „3D fess slices®”, kao i olakšano razumijevanje u učenju pojedinih dijelova nosne šupljine i paranazalnih sinusa. Zaključak: Anatomski model „3D fess slices®” pokazao se kao pozitivna nadopuna u učenju anatomije nosne šupljine i paranazalnih sinusa. Ova studija pridonosi medicinskoj edukaciji u svrhu uključivanja ovog, kao i drugih sličnih anatomskih modela.Aim: To determine the applicability of an anatomical model of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, named the ”3D fess slices®”, in teaching anatomy. Methods: This study was conducted during the academic year 2012/2013 and included two groups of students: students of the Clinical Anatomy course of the University of Zürich (N = 94) and students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka (N = 116). The students from Rijeka were in their first (N = 29) and the third year (N = 23) of the School of Dental Medicine, and fifth year of Otorhinolaryngology course of the School of Medicine (N = 64). After studying the anatomical model of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, the students filled out a survey formed by one of the authors (TŠV). Results: All students answered highly positive to the last question of the survey and in that way demonstrated outstanding motivation to learn anatomy using the “3D fess slices®” anatomical models, which facilitated the understanding of certain parts of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Conclusion: The “3D fess slices®” anatomical model proved to be a useful supplement in teaching the anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Our results demonstrated that including this or similar anatomical models in teaching will contribute to medical education