A Prospective Trial: Traditional Versus Video-based Teaching For Gynecologic Surgery

This prospective study compared the effect of traditional versus video-based education in gynecologic surgery on cognitive and surgical skills performance among millennial medical trainees and evaluated the impact of individual learning preference on performance. Residents and medical students in their OBGYN rotation at an urban university-hospital were recruited and assigned to either traditional training (TT) or video-based training (VBT) for teaching of skills needed for total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Pre- and post-intervention knowledge and skills assessments were performed. Subjects’ learning preference was evaluated with the validated VARK© questionnaire. VBT and TT change in knowledge and skills assessment scores was compared, and the relationship between learning preference and assessment scores was compared. 120 medical students (n=59 VBT v. n=61 TT) and 24 residents (n=12 per group) participated. Compared with TT, the VBT group had greater improvement in knowledge assessment scores and higher scores on the skills assessment. Among medical students, as visual and auditory learning preference increased, there was an improvement in knowledge assessment scores (visual p=0.04, CI 0.01-0.49, auditory (p=0.04, CI 0.01 -0.56). Among residents, as auditory learning preference increased, change in skills assessment score increased (p=0.03, CI 0.08-1.34). Based on these results, video-based teaching may be an effective educational tool in gynecologic surgery. Cognitive and skills-based performance may be enhanced among individuals with visual and/or auditory learning preferences

Molecular and structural basis for Lewis glycan recognition by a cancer-targeting antibody

Immunotherapy has been successful in treating many tumour types. The development of additional tumour-antigen binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will help expand the range of immunotherapeutic targets. Lewis histo-blood group and related glycans are overexpressed on many carcinomas, including those of the colon, lung, breast, prostate and ovary, and can therefore be selectively targeted by mAbs. Here we examine the molecular and structural basis for recognition of extended Lea and Lex containing glycans by a chimeric mAb. Both the murine (FG88.2) IgG3 and a chimeric (ch88.2) IgG1 mAb variants showed reactivity to colorectal cancer cells leading to significantly reduced cell viability. We determined the X-ray structure of the unliganded ch88.2 fragment antigen-binding (Fab) containing two Fabs in the unit cell. A combination of molecular docking, glycan grafting and molecular dynamics simulations predicts two distinct subsites for recognition of Lea and Lex trisaccharides. While light chain residues were exclusively used for Lea binding, recognition of Lex involved both light and heavy chain residues. An extended groove is predicted to accommodate the Lea–Lex hexasaccharide with adjoining subsites for each trisaccharide. The molecular and structural details of the ch88.2 mAb presented here provide insight into its cross-reactivity for various Lea and Lex containing glycans. Furthermore, the predicted interactions with extended epitopes likely explains the selectivity of this antibody for targeting Lewis-positive tumours

Pour la localisation des métaphores et des comparaisons dans la traduction des romans vietnamiens

J’aimerais me pencher sur certains problèmes que présente la traduction du vietnamien vers le français en confrontant la traduction de Hành trình ngày thơ ấu proposée par l’éditrice Sabine Wespieser sous le titre d’Itinéraire d’enfance, à une traduction mot à mot. Mon étude se limitera aux chapitres 1, 2 et à un extrait du chapitre 10. Il s’agit d’un choix aléatoire. Le texte original vietnamien utilisé est celui qui est diffusé sur le site internet Việt Nam thư quán – Thư viện online. Ce tex..

Chiral discrimination of phenoxypropionic acid herbicide enantiomers on teicoplanin phase: methanol dependence and eluent pH consideration.

International audienceThe chiral recognition mechanism for a series of d,l phenoxypropionic acid herbicides (PPAs) on a teicoplanin stationary phase was investigated in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) over a wide range of mobile phase pH and column temperature. The effect of methanol on the enantiomeric separation was studied by varying its fraction (v/v) in the mobile phase. The thermodynamic data indicated that the chiral recognition was controlled by the interaction between the anionic form of the solute and the teicoplanin phase while those with the neutral form played a minor role. In addition, it was demonstrated that the enhancement of the separation factor observed as the methanol fraction increased in the mobile phase was enthalpically controlled owing to stereoselective binding interactions. Such behavior was used to optimize the chromatographic conditions for separation of PPAs herbicides on teicoplanin