Séries temporelles: déterminants pathologiques des examens cytobiochimiques d´urines et infection urinaire entre 2011-2014 aux cliniques universitaires de Kinshasa

Introduction: l´examen cytobiochimique urinaire est un outil complémentaire le plus demandé au laboratoire à côté de l´hémogramme. Il a une grande valeur prédictive dans les infections urinaires quand il est correctement fait et scrupuleusement interprété. L´objectif de cette étude était d´évaluer l´ampleur, l´évolution, les déterminants, et les comorbidités cytobiochimiques de l´infection urinaire. Méthodes: il s´est agi d´une étude documentaire, avec des approches, descriptive, analytique et comparative portant sur des patients référés pour examens cytobiochimiques des urines aux laboratoires de Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK) entre 2011 et 2014. Résultats: au total, 8926 analyses cytobiochimiques ont été demandées avec moins de 2% d´analyses biochimiques. Les femmes étaient plus représentées (6426 femmes vs 2500 hommes) avec un sex ratio 3F:1H. Il y avait plus de demandes dans la tranche d´âge de 30-39 ans (17%; n=1517). Les analyses ont plus été demandées pendant les saisons de pluies 72% (n=3511) avec le pic pendant les mois de mai. Les infections urinaires estimées à 54,8% [n=4892 ajusté dont E. coli (n=1937), Klebsiella (n= 993)] étaient plus diagnostiqués pendant la période de 2012 à 2014. Il existait une association indépendante et significative entre le sexe féminin (OR aj = 3,5; IC = 95%; 3,1-3,8; P<0,0001, l´admission pendant les saisons de pluies (OR aj = 1,3, IC = 95%; 1,2-1,4; P<0,0001 et l´infection urinaire. Conclusion: l´infection urinaire émerge comme une préoccupation majeure pour les patients de sexe féminin et admises pendant les saisons de pluies et les années 2012-2014 de la série de 2011 à 2014 aux CUK. La rareté de l´infection urinaire était observée au cours de l´année La Nina 2011 post-l´année trop chaude EL Nino alors que l´ampleur de l´infection urinaire était coexistante pendant les années 2012-2014 normales relativement chaudes pré-l´année très chaude El Nino 2015. Il existe donc une interaction entre le climat tropical chaud et humide de la ville de Kinshasa et le climat global (mondial) froid dans le cadre de la variabilité climatique/réchauffement climatique, pouvant expliquer la flambée des infections urinaire à Kinshasa

Diagnostic performance of several biomarkers for identification of cases of non-communicable diseases among Central Africans

Background: This study determined the diagnostic performance of new biomarkers for a composite diagnosis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Central Africans. Methods:  This case-control study was conducted at LOMO Medical Centre, Kinshasa, DR Congo (DRC) between January – December, 2008. The cases comprised 226 participants with concurrent presence of at least 2 or more of NCDs. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured while blood samples were assayed for biomarkers. The receiver operating characteristics curve and the logistic regression model were applied.Results: Serum selenium (Se) had specificity and sensitivity of 72.4% and 91.1%, respectively with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.802; Nitric oxide (NO) (specificity: 72.4%; sensitivity: 93.0%) (AUC = 0.800); Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels > 6 Mu/L (specificity: 75%; sensitivity: 65%) (AUC = 0.0.727); serum calcium levels of ≥ 110g/L (specificity: 76%; sensitivity: 75%) (AUC = 0.822); and daily salt intake of ≥10 g/day (specificity: 75%; sensitivity: 67%) (AUC = 0.653) in the diagnosis of all NCDs, which were all highly significant (<0.0001).  Conclusion: Serum Se, NO, calcium, TSH and daily salt intake had high diagnostic performance as biomarkers for identification of patients with concurrent NCDs in the study population. Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, diet, new biomarkers, Central Africa

Diagnostic performance of several biomarkers for identification of cases of non-communicable diseases among Central Africans

Background: This study determined the diagnostic performance of new biomarkers for a composite diagnosis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Central Africans. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at LOMO Medical Centre, Kinshasa, DR Congo (DRC) between January \u2013 December, 2008. The cases comprised 226 participants with concurrent presence of at least 2 or more of NCDs. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured while blood samples were assayed for biomarkers. The receiver operating characteristics curve and the logistic regression model were applied. Results: Serum selenium (Se) had specificity and sensitivity of 72.4% and 91.1%, respectively with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.802; Nitric oxide (NO) (specificity: 72.4%; sensitivity: 93.0%) (AUC = 0.800); Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels > 6 Mu/L (specificity: 75%; sensitivity: 65%) (AUC = 0.0.727); serum calcium levels of 65 110g/L (specificity: 76%; sensitivity: 75%) (AUC = 0.822); and daily salt intake of 6510 g/day (specificity: 75%; sensitivity: 67%) (AUC = 0.653) in the diagnosis of all NCDs, which were all highly significant (<0.0001). Conclusion: Serum Se, NO, calcium, TSH and daily salt intake had high diagnostic performance as biomarkers for identification of patients with concurrent NCDs in the study population

Feasibility of iFISH patterns in hematologic malignancies among Congolese patients at Kinshasa University clinics

Objective: To analyze the feasibility of detecting Ph1 in leukemia patients in the Kinshasa University Clinics in the Democratic Republic of Congo, at KU Leuven, Belgium. Methods: Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples with chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia or acute leukocytes leukemia were obtained from 32 patients in Kinshasa University clinics in the Democratic Republic of Congo and transferred to KU Leuven in Belgium for iFISH feasibility. Ph1 was detected by using a remote analysis of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH). Results: Out of the 32 patients involved in this study, 65.6% (n = 21) of the cases were successfully tested, of which 52.4% (n = 11) were iFISH positives for the variant t(9;22) (presence of Ph1) in chronic myeloid leukemia samples and 47.6% (n = 10) negatives in all subtypes of hematological malignancies. However, there was a female predominance in chronic myeloid leukemia samples Ph1-positives by iFISH, whereas no sexual influence was observed on acute subtypes of leukemia. Conclusions: iFISH analysis is feasible on samples obtained from remote sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo. However, the optimization of the sample storage is necessary to further improve iFISH's performance. Keywords: iFISH, Ph1, Democratic Republic of Congo, Leukemia, Bone marrow, Bloo