Effects of sodium selenite supplementation on preβ-high-density lipoprotein formation-related proteins in human primary hepatocytes

学位記番号:医博甲153

Blunted Expression of PPARa in Mice with FABP-4 and -5 Deficiency under Acute Cold Exposure

Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is a nonshivering thermogenesis organ during cold exposure. Peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa) is the member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and primarily expressed in BAT and liver. PPARa is coordinated with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to regulate fatty acid metabolism in BAT. Fatty acid binding protein (FABP)-4 and-5 play role in adaptive response under fasting and cold exposure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of PPARa in mice with FABP4/5 deficiency (DKO). Wildtype (WT) and DKO mice were exposed to cold for 2 hours under fed or 20 hours-fasted conditions. BAT was collected and further mRNA level of PPARa was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. As the result, PPARa gene expression in WT mice were increased 50% and 100% in fed and fasted condition respectively after cold exposure. There was no alteration in PPARa expression in  BAT of DKO mice. As conclusion, The functional FABP-4 and -5 are necessary to modulate PPARa gene expression in Brown Adipose Tissue under acute cold exposure  Keywords: Acute cold exposure; FABP4; FABP5; Fasting  PPAR

LONG AND VERY LONG FATTY ACID FRACTIONATION IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN THE ACTIVE AND INACTIVE STATUS

Objective: Flare in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an exacerbation of SLE clinical features that were earlier quiescent. The disease activity changes from inactive to active with an increase of several immunological profiles; the rise of immune activity induces a metabolic shift in SLE patients. The previous study aimed to investigate the long and very long fatty acid fractions (LCFA and VLCFA) in the active and inactive statuses of SLE patients and showed there were dynamic changes in fatty acid fractions in SLE patients, compared to healthy subjects. The aim of this preliminary study is to investigate LCFA and VLCFA in the active and inactive condition of SLE patients. Methods: Four serum samples of active and inactive statuses from the same SLE patients were used in this study. Serum LCFA and VLCFA fractions were analyzed by a 7890 Gas Chromatography (GC) System 5977 Mass Selective Detector (MSD). Results: All of the LCFA and VLCFA fractions were increased in the active condition, compared to SLE patients in inactive, although they were statistically not different (p>0.05). The total fatty acid fraction was 38% higher in active condition compare to inactive. The prominent increase of fatty acid fractions was alpha-linolenic acid (inactive vs. active: 23.25±17.97 vs 48.25±38.58 μmol/l), oleic acid (1300±190.4 vs 1774±866.3 μmol/l) and myristic acid (31.25±12.76 vs 59.25±40.4 μmol/l). Conclusion: The serum of LCFA and VLCFA fractions in SLE patients tend to increase in active conditions

The Upregulation of <i>Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1a</i> (<i>CPT1a</i>) Expression under Prolonged Fasting in CD36 Knockout Mice

Food deprivation is one of the extreme conditions that mammals have to survive. The majority of the tissues, excluding the brain and red blood cells, depend on the fatty acids (FA) utilization to produce energy. We recently showed in mice lacking for CD36 (CD36−/−), the uptake of FA is limited with dramatically increased of glucose uptake in heart and skeletal muscle in fasted condition, indicating a compensatory mechanism of organ to fulfill an energy demand. The liver is the central tissue maintaining metabolic homeostasis in fasted state. Synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria via beta-oxidation was mediated by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a). The objective of this research was to explore the role of CD36 in CPT1a expression in the fasted state. This research was conducted at Gunma University Japan in 2015. The method was in vivo-experimental, that we used CD36−/− and wild-type (WT) mice, as a control. The gene expression of CPT1a was measured by real-time PCR. Fasting condition up regulated mRNA expression of CPT1a in both WT and CD36−/− mice in 24 h and 48 h. However in CD36−/− mice, the mRNA expression of CPT1a in 24 h fasted state was lower very significantly than WT mice (p<0.01). We demonstrate that CD36 deficiency up regulate CPT1a gene expression, suggested that CD36 is essential for nutrient homeostasis when requirement for FA is increased and obtainability of nutrient is inadequate.   PENINGAKTAN EKSPRESI GEN CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1A (CPT1A) PADA CD36 KNOCKOUT MICE DALAM KEADAAN PUASA Kekurangan makanan adalah salah satu kondisi ekstrem yang harus dihindari oleh mamalia. Sebagian besar jaringan, kecuali otak dan sel darah merah sangat bergantung pada pemanfaatan langsung asam lemak untuk menghasilkan energi. Penelitian kami sebelumnya menunjukkan pada mencit dengan defisiensi CD36 (CD36−/−), serapan asam lemak terbatas karena peningkatan pengambilan glukosa hati dan otot rangka secara signifikan dalam kondisi puasa yang mengindikasikan mekanisme kompensasi organ untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Hati adalah jaringan sentral yang menjaga homeostasis metabolik tubuh dalam keadaan berpuasa. Sintesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) di mitokondria melalui beta-oksidasi dimediasi oleh carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a). Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui peran CD36 dalam ekspresi CPT1a dalam keadaan puasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas Gunma Jepang pada tahun 2015. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental in vivo dengan menggunakan mencit CD36−/− dan wild type (WT) sebagai kontrol. Ekspresi gen CPT1a diukur dengan real-time PCR. Puasa meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA CPT1a pada mencit WT dan CD36−/− baik setelah puasa selama 24 jam dan 48 jam. Namun, pada mencit CD36−/−, ekspresi mRNA CPT1a dalam keadaan setelah dipuasakan 24 jam lebih rendah daripada mencit WT (p<0,01). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa defisiensi CD36 mengatur ekspresi gen CPT1a sehingga CD36 sangat diperlukan untuk homeostasis nutrisi ketika kebutuhan asam lemak meningkat dan kemungkinan ketersediaan nutrisi terbatas

Cogongrass (<i>Imperata cylindrical</i> L.) Roots Ethanol Extract to Improve Hematological Profile in Carbon Tetrachloride-Injection Mice Model

Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) is widely used in industry, toxic to the environment and humans, and most often used as a model of acute liver damage and liver fibrosis in experimental animals. Liver damage can deteriorate the hematological profile. The roots of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.) have been used as traditional medicine due to its antioxidant activity. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, from January to March 2019. The study aimed to investigate whether the cogongrass roots ethanol extract (CGRE) can ameliorate the disturbance in the hematological profile in acute CCl4-injected mice. CGRE in dose 150 and 200 mg/kgBW was given orally to mice for four weeks before intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 1 mL/kgBW in olive oil (1:1 v/v). After 48 hours, mice were sacrificed, and the whole blood was drawn for hematological analysis. As a result, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was reduced in CCl4-induction mice treated with CGRE in dose 150 mg/kgBW (49.25±3.06 vs 43.38±2.13 fl, p<0.05). This condition was followed by the improved hematocrit (Hct) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Platelet and platelet crit (Pct) levels were tended to decrease in CCl4-induction mice treated with CGRE in dose 150 mg/kgBW. In conclusion, CGRE dose 150 mg/kg BW can improve MCV, Hct, MCHC, platelet, and Pct in CCl4-injection mice. The antioxidant level in CGRE might facilitate it.   EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR ALANG-ALANG (IMPERATA CYLINDRICAL L.) MEMPERBAIKI PROFIL HEMATOLOGI PADA MENCIT YANG DIINJEKSI CARBON TETRACHLORIDE Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) banyak digunakan pada industri, bersifat toksik bagi lingkungan dan manusia, serta sering digunakan pada hewan coba untuk kerusakan liver akut dan fibrosis. Kerusakan liver dapat menyebabkan gangguan profil hematologi. Akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica L.) telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional karena memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan Januari hingga Maret 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meneliti apakah ekstrak etanol akar alang-alang dapat memperbaiki gangguan profil hematologi pada mencit yang diinjeksi CCL4 secara akut. Ekstrak etanol akar alang-alang (EEAA) dosis 150 dan 200 mm/kgBB diberikan per oral kepada mencit selama empat minggu sebelum injeksi intraperitoneal CCl4 1 mL/kgBB yang dilarutkan dalam minyak zaitun (1:1 v/v). Setelah 48 jam, mencit dikorbankan dan diambil darahnya untuk pemeriksaan hematologi. Sebagai hasil, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) menurun pada mencit yang diinduksi CCl4 dengan perlakuan EEAA 150 mg/kgBB (49,25±3,06vs 43,38±2,13 fl, p<0,05). Keadaan ini diikuti dengan perbaikan hematokrit (Hct) dan mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Kadar platelet dan platelet crit (Pct) cenderung menurun pada mencit yang diinduksi CCl4 dengan perlakuan EEAA 150 mg/kgBB. Sebagai simpulan, EEAA dosis 150 mg/kgBB dapat memperbaiki MCV, Hct, MCHC, platelet, dan Pct pada mencit yang diinjeksi CCL4. Kemungkinan difasilitasi oleh antioksidan pada EEAA

Cogongrass (<i>Imperata cylindrica</i> L.) Ethanol Extract on Sepsis Mice Model Body Weight and Sepsis Score

Sepsis causes damage for cells, behavioral phenotype regression, and will end in most patients' death. The ethanol extract of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica L.)  acts as an antioxidant. This study aimed to observe the effect of giving ECGR to body weight (BW) and the sepsis score of the sepsis mice model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. This study was an in vivo study with a randomized post-test controlled group design at the Animal Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, 2018. We used 4 (four) groups of male mice (Mus musculus) DDY strains. Group 1 as a control, group 2: LPS 10 μL/kgBW, group 3, and 4: LPS+ECGR (90 mg/kgBW, and a dose of 115 mg/kgBW, respectively). This treatment was performed for two weeks. Every three days, we measured their body weight. After two weeks, group 2, group 3, and 4 were injected with LPS for 8 hours to induce sepsis. Next, we measured body weight and sepsis score using murine sepsis score (MSS). Then statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed no differences in body weight were found in the treatment groups (3 and 4) compared with control, suggesting no effect of ECGR in decreasing mice body weight. The sepsis score was more than 21 in groups treated with LPS (2, 3, and 4), suggesting LPS can induce sepsis. There was a slight decrease in scores in-group 3 and 4 compared with group 2. This study concludes that the treatment of ECGR caused no harm to body weight and slightly decreased sepsis score in the sepsis mice model.   EKSTRAK ETANOL ALANG-ALANG (IMPERATA CYLINDRICA L.) TERHADAP BOBOT BADAN DAN SKOR SEPSIS MENCIT MODEL SEPSIS Sepsis menyebabkan kerusakan sel, regresi fenotipe perilaku, dan akan berakhir kematian pada sebagian besar pasien. Ekstrak etanol akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica L.) (ECGR) berperan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ECGR terhadap bobot badan (BB) dan skor sepsis pada mencit model sepsis yang diinduksi lipopolisakarida (LPS). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian in vivo dengan desain randomized post-test controlled group di Laboratoium Hewan Universitas Padjadjaran tahun 2018. Kami menggunakan 4 (empat) kelompok mencit jantan (Mus musculus) strain DDY. Kelompok 1 sebagai kontrol, kelompok 2 diinduksi LPS 10 μL/kgBB, kelompok 3 dan 4 diinduksi LPS+ECGR (dosis 90 mg/kgBB dan 115 mg/kgBB masing-masing). Perlakuan ini dilakukan selama 2 minggu. Setiap tiga hari dilakukan pengukuran bobot badan mencit. Setelah dua minggu, kelompok 2, kelompok 3, dan kelompok 4 diinjeksi LPS selama 8 jam untuk menginduksi sepsis. Selanjutnya, diukur bobot badan dan skor sepsis menggunakan murine sepsis score (MSS). Analisis statistik menggunakan ANOVA dan Uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bobot badan pada kelompok perlakuan (3 dan 4) dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol yang menunjukkan ECGR tidak berpengaruh dalam menurunkan bobot badan mencit. Skor sepsis lebih dari 21 pada kelompok yang diinduksi LPS (2, 3, dan 4) menunjukkan LPS dapat menyebabkan sepsis. Terdapat sedikit penurunan skor pada kelompok 3 dan 4 dibanding dengan kelompok 2. Simpulan penelitian ini, pengobatan ECGR tidak membahayakan bobot badan dan mengakibatkan sedikit penurunan skor sepsis pada mencit model sepsis

The effectiveness of using comic in teaching reading to the second graders of SMPN 1 Sumbergempol Tulungagung in academic year 2013 / 2014

Keywords: effectiveness, reading achievement, comic, narrative Reading is important skill to help people learn from human knowledge and experience. Through reading, knowledge has greatly contributed to the growth of mankind. Reading, in particular, helps language learners obtain a lot of knowledge by actively and critically relate the ideas of the text. Nevertheless, it is not easy to read for comprehension. Many students do not have sufficient background knowledge to comprehend text. Besides, they are not able to link some ideas so that they can’t acquire complete message of the text. To help students comprehend the text more easily, pictures are needed in the reading materials. Thus, picture becomes one way out to help students to engage themselves with the content of the text in order to comprehend the text. Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested to find out the effect of using comic in teaching reading to the second graders at SMPN 1 Sumbergempol Tulungagung 2013/2014. The formulation of the research problem is how is the effectiveness of using comic in teaching reading to the second graders at SMPN 1 Sumbergempol Tulungagung 2013/2014 ? The purpose of the study is intended to know the effectiveness of using comic in teaching reading the second graders at SMPN 1 Sumbergempol Tulungagung 2013/2014. Research method : 1) the research design in this study was pre-experimental one group pretest post test, 2) The population of this study was all students’ of second grade students at SMPN 1 Sumbergempol, 3) The sample was VIII E class consisting of 27 students, 4)The research instrument was a test, 5) The data analysis was using T test. The result showed that the students’s mean score in reading before treatment was 67.48. While the students’ score after treatment was 84.52. With the numeral of significant 0.000, it means that smaller from 0.05, then the hypothesis null clarify that there is no significant different score using by comic on the students’ reading achievement at the second grade of SMPN 1 Sumbergempol Tulungagung is rejected. Because the tcount is bigger than ttable the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected.It means that there is a significant different reading score of the second grade at SMPN 1 Sumbergempol ix between before and after taught by using comic. The conclusion is using comic in teaching reading is effective