Influence of the expression of inflammatory markers on kidney after fetal programming in an experimental model of renal failure

Objective. To evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers in experimental renal failure after fetal programming. Methods. The offspring aged two and fivemonths were divided into four groups: CC (control dams, control offspring)DC (diabetic dams, control offspring)CFA (control dams, folic acid offspring, 250 mg/Kg)and DFA (diabetic dams, folic acid offspring). Gene expression of inflammatory markersMCP-1, IL-1, NOS3, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and VEGF was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results. MCP-1 was increased in the CFA and DFA groups at two and fivemonths of age, as well as in DC5 when compared to CC5. There was a higher expression of IL-1 in the CFA2, DFA2, and DC2 groups. There was a decrease in NOS3 and an increase in TNF-alpha in DFA5 in relation to CFA5. The gene expression of TGF-beta increased in cases that had received folic acid at two and five months, and VEGF decreased in the CFA5 and DFA5 groups. DC5 showed increased VEGF expression in comparison with CC5. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes mellitus and folic acid both change the expression of inflammatory markers, thus demonstrating that the exposure to harmful agents in adulthood has a more severe impact in cases which underwent fetal reprogramming.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Fundacao de Ensino e Pesquisa de Uberaba (FUNEPU)Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BrazilDepartment of Health Sciences, Lavras Federal University, Lavras, MG, BrazilDiscipline of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BrazilNephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of General Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, BrazilNephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Fatores maternos e neonatais associados à prematuridade

A prematuridade representa a causa mais freqüente de morbidade neonatal. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar um levantamento dos nascimentos de recém-nascidos vivos com menos de 37 semanas completas de gestação e relacionar com as alterações patológicas encontradas. Foram coletados dados referentes à história clínica materna e do neonato. A média da idade gestacional dos 104 RNs estudados foi de 31 semanas ± 4 dias. A média de peso dos prematuros foi de 2350 gramas. Os grupos de doenças de base maternas encontradas foram: hipertensão materna 51 casos (49%), alterações útero-placentárias 21 casos (20,1%), doenças infecciosas 12 casos (11,5%), cardiopatias 9 casos (5,7 %), diabetes 2 casos (1,9%), Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida 1 caso (0,9%) ainda 8 casos (7,6%) em que não havia registro de doença de base. Entre os grupos de doenças de base fetais o mais freqüente foi o grupo de doenças do aparelho respiratório, com 81 casos (78%). Em nosso estudo, houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre idade gestacional e doença de base materna (p=0,038). A prematuridade continua sendo a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade neonatal, representando um dos maiores desafios para o fornecimento de uma assistência profissional de qualidade

Prevalência clínica e epidemiológica de glomerulopatias em idosos na cidade de Uberaba - MG

ResumoIntrodução:Atualmente, a população idosa do Brasil está sofrendo aumento significativo. O envelhecimento é um processo fisiológico que causa alterações nos diversos órgãos, inclusive no rim. A biópsia renal é de suma importância para esclarecimento das alterações morfológicas dessas entidades.Objetivos:Os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar a análise clínica e epidemiológica dos pacientes idosos e avaliar a prevalência das principais glomerulopatias que os acometem.Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo, com revisão de 104 laudos de biópsias renais de idosos, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, realizados no Serviço de Nefropatologia da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), entre o período de janeiro de 1996 e dezembro de 2010. Os pacientes foram agrupados segundo síndrome clínica.Resultados:Foram revistas 104 biópsias de pacientes idosos. Destes, 52,94% pertenciam ao gênero masculino. A Hipertensão Arterial foi encontrada em 50,54% dos pacientes. A síndrome clínica predominante foi a Síndrome Nefrótica (42,17%). A maioria das doenças foi de origem glomerular. As podocitopatias foram as glomerulopatias mais prevalentes (34,07%).Discussão/Conclusão:Por meio dessa revisão, observamos que a síndrome nefrótica foi a principal síndrome clínica e as podocitopatias foram as glomerulopatias com mais prevalência no grupo de pacientes idosos submetidos à biópsia renal. A análise das biópsias renais dos pacientes idosos é de fundamental importância, uma vez que o conhecimento das manifestações clínicas das principais glomerulopatias que acometem esse grupo auxiliam a elucidação diagnóstica e no estabelecimento da conduta terapêutica

Analysis of placenta vascularization in patients with uterine altered artery Doppler flow velocity exams

Background: One of the frequent questions in obstetric practice is to determine placental vascular changes that may account for abnormal Doppler flow velocity alterations in maternal uterine vessels from women and fetuses without pregnancy pathology. Methods: A retrospective morphometric study was realized using 27 placentas from patients submitted for Doppler flow velocity exam during pregnancy. The placentas were morphologically examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Measurements of villi were made with the use of a video camera coupled to a common light microscope and a computer with automatic image analyzing software. Results: Of the 27 placentas, 13 (48%) were of patients showing unaltered Doppler and 14 (52%) showing altered Doppler. The number of stem villi vessels was significantly larger in the placentas of patients with Doppler exam alterations (P = 0.003). This group also presented greater stem villi vessel thickness, although without significant difference. The number of intermediary and terminal villi vessels was greater in the placentas of patients with altered Doppler exams (P < 0.001), and a greater terminal villi area was observed in these cases (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The morphological proof that uterine artery Doppler flow velocity exam alterations are associated with placental vascular alterations demonstrates the importance of this exam during prenatal care, even in the absence of maternal-fetal alterations.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG

Comparison of the larynx-associated lymphoid tissue in the false vocal cords and subglottis in pediatric autopsies

The aim this work was to compare the distribution of cellular phenotypes of the LF in the FVC to the ones in the subglottic region in pediatric autopsy, relating this distribution to age and different causes of death. We analyzed 60 larynges of newborns and children autopsied in the period from 1993 to 2003. The fragments were prepared in order to perform histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The morphological analysis showed cases that presented LF only in FVC (35%), LF only in the subglottic region (20%), lack of LF in FVC (30%) and lymphoid aggregates, which did not characterize an LF (15%). The cases of LF in the subglottic region were significantly younger compared to the ones that presented LF in the FVC (p = 0.017). The LF in the subglottic region was bigger than the LF in the FVC (p = 0.020). There was no significant difference between the cause of death and cellular phenotype for both FVC and the subglottic region. In conclusion, the cells that make up the LF in the FVC in newborns and children younger than one year have functional characteristics similar to LF cells in the subglottic region, suggesting that there are similarities with LALT. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

Morphological and functional aspects of acute kidney injury after fetal programing in the offspring of diabetic rats

Objective: To evaluate the effects of folic acid (FA)-induced renal failure in young offspring of diabetic mothers.Methods: the offspring of streptozotocin-induced diabetic dams were divided into four groups: CC (controls receiving vehicle); DC (diabetics receiving vehicle); CA (controls receiving FA solution, 250 mg/kg) and DA (diabetics receiving FA solution, 250 mg/kg). Renal function tests and morphometry results were analyzed.Results: An increase in creatinine and urea levels was observed in CA and DA groups at two and five months. FA administration caused a significant reduction in the number of glomeruli in the offspring of diabetic dams. the diabetes group treated with FA had fewer glomeruli compared to controls at two and five months. FA caused an increase in the area of the urinary space both in controls and offspring of diabetic dams at two and five months. the number of glomeruli and area of the urinary space at two months were negatively correlated.Conclusions: Fetal programing promotes remarkable changes in kidney morphology and function in offspring. We suggest that the morphological changes in the kidneys are more pronounced when fetal programing is associated with newly acquired diseases, e.g. renal failure induced by FA.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Fundacao de Ensino e Pesquisa de Uberaba (FUNEPU)Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Inst Ciencias Biol & Nat, Disciplina Patol Geral, BR-38025180 Uberaba, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Discipline Physiol, Biol & Nat Sci Inst, BR-38025180 Uberaba, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Discipline Biochem, Biol & Nat Sci Inst, BR-38025180 Uberaba, MG, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci 4, Dept Immunol, BR-09500900 São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Div Nephrol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Upregulation of Cardiac IL-10 and Downregulation of IFN-γ in Balb/c IL-4−/− in Acute Chagasic Myocarditis due to Colombian Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi

Inflammatory response in Chagas disease is related to parasite and host factors. However, immune system regulation has not been fully elucidated. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating IL-4 influence on acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infection through dosage of cytokine levels in cardiac homogenate of infected Balb/c WT and Balb/c IL-4−/− as well as its histopathological repercussions. For such purpose, mice were divided into two groups: an infected group with 100 forms of the Colombian strain and an uninfected group. After 21 days of infection, animals were euthanized and the blood, spleen, and heart were collected. The spleen was used to culture splenic cells in 48 h. Subsequently, cytokines TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were measured in the blood, culture supernatant, and heart apex by ELISA. The base of the heart was used for histopathological analysis. From these analysis, infected Balb/c IL-4−/− mice showed milder inflammatory infiltrate compared to Balb/c WT, but without changes in nest density and collagen deposition. IL-4 absence culminated in lower cardiac tissue IFN-γ production, although it did not affect TNF-α expression in situ. It also decreased TNF-α systemic production and increased IL-10, both systemically and in situ. In addition, IL-4 absence did not influence IL-17 expression. Splenocytes of IL-4-deficient mice produced higher amounts of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 and lower amounts of IL-10. Thus, IL-4 absence in acute phase of experimental infection with T. cruzi Colombian strain reduces myocarditis due to lower IFN-γ production and greater IL-10 production in situ and this pattern is not influenced by splenocyte general repertoire