10 research outputs found
Factors Determining Public Demand for Safe Drinking Water (A Case Study of District Peshawar)
Overtime per capita water availability in the world as well as in Pakistan has been declining. Water sources have depleted and become polluted therefore, now water has become a scarce good. Resultantly, the inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are rooting major environmental degradation and health damages in the country. This study was undertaken to analyze the magnitude of awareness, perception, practices, and demand for safe drinking water. The study further elaborated HHs Willingness to Pay (WTP) for improved water quality and services in district Peshawar of NWFP, Pakistan. Primary data was collected from 315 HHs which consist 2455 HH members from district Peshawar. Schooling, exposure to mass media, HH income and occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases were used to measure the HHs’ response towards the health risks associated with contaminated water. Moreover, to find out public acceptability to government and private sector as service providers, HH’s were asked two separate questions regarding their maximum willingness to pay for an improved water system by either one. Out of the sample HHs, 78.4 percent were willing to accept improved water system provided by government while relatively less HHs (55.6 percent) were WTP in the case of private company as the service provider. It is worth mentioning that according to sample about 76 percent HHs were not using any method for water purification at their homes in district Peshawar. This study empirically proved that the role of awareness besides the income constraint is the key determinants of demand for safe drinking water.
Factors Determining Public Demand for Safe Drinking Water (A Case Study of District Peshawar)
Overtime per capita water availability in the world as well as in Pakistan has been declining. Water sources have depleted and become polluted therefore, now water has become a scarce good. Resultantly, the inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are rooting major environmental degradation and health damages in the country. This study was undertaken to analyze the magnitude of awareness, perception, practices, and demand for safe drinking water. The study further elaborated HHs Willingness to Pay (WTP) for improved water quality and services in district Peshawar of NWFP, Pakistan. Primary data was collected from 315 HHs which consist 2455 HH members from district Peshawar. Schooling, exposure to mass media, HH income and occurrence of diarrhoeal diseases were used to measure the HHs response towards the health risks associated with contaminated water. Moreover, to find out public acceptability to government and private sector as service providers, HHs were asked two separate questions regarding their maximum willingness to pay for an improved water system by either one. Out of the sample HHs, 78.4 percent were willing to accept improved water system provided by government while relatively less HHs (55.6 percent) were WTP in the case of private company as the service provider. It is worth mentioning that according to sample about 76 percent HHs were not using any method for water purification at their homes in district Peshawar. This study empirically proved that the role of awareness besides the income constraint is the key determinants of demand for safe drinking water.water supply, environmental degradation, willingness to pay, water demand
Endurance or Submission: How Terrorism Frame Households’ Time Allocation?
Terrorism cause psychological injury, placing an unsettling
impact on human life. In Pakistan, the continuous stream of terrorism
since 2009 induced fear, expectedly influencing households’ behaviour
about their economic decisions. In this context, the study empirically
investigates the effects of terrorism on households’ time allocation
decisions in the pre-2009 and post-2009 periods to track their time
allocation for business activities and leisure. For this study, 200
households are interviewed from district Peshawar of the KPK province in
Pakistan, one of the worst-hit districts from terrorism. Findings of the
study reveal that in general, terrorism has posed a significant impact
on households’ time allocation patterns. Analysis explains that in the
post-2009 period, increasing incidents of terrorism triggered fear in
the people’s minds. Consequently, time for business activities shrunk
while the time for leisure increased. To be more exact, households
preferred to stay at home and spend time on leisure activities (with no
financial yield) rather than engaging in business activities. JEL
Classification: D91, R23, R28 Keywords: Terrorism, Fear, Violence, Time
Allocation Pattern, Pakista
A Subfamily of Univalent Functions Associated with q-Analogue of Noor Integral Operator
The main objective of the present paper is to define a new subfamily of analytic functions using subordinations along with the newly defined q-Noor integral operator. We investigate a number of useful properties such as coefficient estimates, integral representation, linear combination, weighted and arithmetic means, and radius of starlikeness for this class
Majorization Results for Certain Subfamilies of Analytic Functions
Let h1z and h2z be two nonvanishing holomorphic functions in the open unit disc with h10=h20=1. For some holomorphic function qz, we consider the class consisting of normalized holomorphic functions f whose ratios fz/zqz and qz are subordinate to h1z and h2z, respectively. The majorization results are obtained for this class when h1z is chosen either h1z=cosz or h1z=1+sinz or h1z=1+z and h2z=1+sinz