Bioetika u budućnosti: ekološki odgoj od predškolske dobi. Dramsko glazbena radionica kao primjer

In today’s society, public opinion plays a large role in the adoption of various legal measures and regulations, including those related to the field of bioethics. This is why experts have a duty to inform the public in a timely and accurate manner, and it is up to educators to educate new generations to become responsible citizens who can make informed decisions. A few years ago, attempts were made to implement a project of health education and then one of civic education in schools. Those curricula predict the student will develop human, political, social, cultural, economic and environmental competences as a citizen of the class, school and local community. A spiral development model of introduction by educational cycles is envisaged, starting from the 1st grade of primary school. However, civic education is also addressed by the national curriculum for early and preschool education, which anticipates development of social and civic competences in children of this age. Bioethics and environmental issues are still not sufficiently transparent to the public. This is why proper environmental education from preschool age is very important. In preschool education, the proper approach is essential, and contemporary pedagogy emphasizes the importance of learning through play. The artistic fields are imposed as an ideal framework in which various contents can be accommodated. A drama music workshop that will help children develop awareness of various issues through play is, therefore, an ideal training ground for educating a responsible and informed citizen. One such drama music workshop was organized for the purpose of demonstration on the occasion of the First Osijek Days of Bioethics. The story used in the workshop is from a picture book by Aleix Cabrera and Rosa M. Curto: Niko and nutrition. Through the play and the story, the importance of proper nutrition was emphasized to children and made them aware that it is necessary to know what they actually eat and where and how food comes from. This paper uses the workshop as a starting point when discussing the role of artistic fields and educators in creating a responsible and informed citizen in fields of bioethics and environmental issues and the importance of early and preschool education in the process.U današnjem društvu javno mnijenje igra veliku ulogu u donošenju različitih zakonskih mjera i regulativa, pa tako i onih vezanih za područje bioetike. Zbog toga stručnjaci imaju obavezu pravovremenog i točnog informiranja javnosti, a na pedagozima je da odgoje nove generacije kako bi postali odgovorni građani koji mogu donositi informirane odluke. U školstvu se prije par godina pokušao provesti projekt zdravstvenog odgoja, a zatim i građanskog odgoja i obrazovanja. Tim kurikulumom predviđeno je da učenik kao građanin razredne, školske i lokalne zajednice razvije ljudskopravne, političke, društvene, kulturne, gospodarske i ekološke kompetencije. Predviđen je spiralno-razvojni model uvođenja po obrazovnim ciklusima, počevši od 1. razreda osnovne škole. No, građanskim odgojem ipak se bavi i nacionalni kurikulum za rani i predškolski odgoj koji predviđa razvoj socijalnih i građanskih kompetencija u djece rane i predškolske dobi. Problematika bioetike i okoliša još je uvijek nedovoljno transparentna u javnosti. Zbog toga je pravilan ekološki odgoj od predškolske dobi vrlo važan. Pri odgoju i obrazovanju u predškolskoj dobi bitan je pravilan pristup, a suvremena pedagogija naglašava važnost učenja kroz igru. Umjetnička područja nameću se kao idealan okvir u koji možemo smjestiti različite sadržaje. Dramsko glazbena radionica kojom će se djeci kroz igru razviti svijest o različitim problematikama predstavlja stoga idealan poligon za odgoj i obrazovanje odgovornog i informiranog građanina. Za potrebe demonstracije povodom Prvih osječkih dana bioetike organizirana je jedna takva dramsko glazbena radionica. Priča koja se koristila u radionici je iz slikovnice Aleix Cabrere i Rose M. Curto: Niko i prehrana. Njome se kroz igru i priču djeci naglasilo važnost pravilne prehrane i osvijestilo potrebu za time da znaju što zapravo jedu te odakle i na koji način dolazi hrana. Ovaj rad koristi održanu radionicu kao polaznu točku pri diskusiji o ulozi umjetničkih područja i pedagoga u stvaranju odgovornog i informiranog građanina u temama bioetike i zaštite okoliša te važnosti ranog i predškolskog odgoja u tom procesu

ON DRAMA GAMES FOR PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

Dramske igre su organizirane kreativne igre. Sredstva su izražavanja: riječ, pokret i zvuk. Radimo ih na trima razinama: zamisliti, doživjeti, izraziti. Igre razvijaju usredotočenost, maštu, pravilno izražavanje, bogaćenje rječnika, spretnost, zrelost… Dramske igre djeci predškolske dobi omogućavaju iskustveno sazrijevanje, kvalitetnije odrastanje, a to je njihov najvažniji cilj.Drama games are organized cretive games. Means of expression are: word, movement, and sound. We play games on three levels: imagination, experience, expression. These games develop concentration, imagination, correct expression, vocabulary, skills, and maturity. The most important objective of drama games is to facilitate experiential maturation and a richer process of growing up for pre-school children

ACHIEVED LEVEL OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

It is known that the long-standing political and economic environment in our country has stopped the development of tourism and that the quality and diverse resource base of the Republic of Serbia is not sufficiently utilized. The offer of Serbian tourism products, spontaneously developed for the needs of domestic tourism, is not able to respond to the contemporary trends of the international tourist market, because there have been major changes in the market according to which the Republic of Serbia has not adapted its tourist offer. This has directed the subject of research in this paper to determine the achieved level of tourism development in the Republic of Serbia. Based on the new demands of modern tourists and global trends in tourism, the Republic of Serbia has the opportunity to capitalize its current position, to form a tourist offer and to achieve significant growth in the tourism sector and thereby provide a place on the world tourist map

Urban deciduous tree leaves as biomonitors of trace element (As, V and Cd) atmospheric pollution in Belgrade, Serbia

Leaves of common deciduous trees: horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and linden (Tilia spp.) from three parks within the urban area of Belgrade were studied as biomonitors of trace element (As, V, and Cd) atmospheric pollution. The May–September trace element accumulation in the leaves, and their temporal trends, were assayed in a multi-year period (2002–2006). Significant accumulation in the leaves was evident for As and V, but not so regularly for Cd. Slightly decreasing temporal trends of V and As ac-cumulated in the leaf tissues were observed over the years. During the time span, the concentrations of Cd remained approximately on the same level, except in May 2002 and September 2005, when a rapid increase was observed. The May–September accumulations of As and V were higher in horse chestnut than in linden, although both may be used as biomonitors for these elements, and optionally for Cd in conditions of its high atmospheric loadings

Kronične nezarazne bolesti kod hrvatskih branitelja u odnosu na opću populaciju: 25 godina nakon rata

Many published reports have documented an increased prevalence of chronic medical conditions among veterans, but there were only a few studies that compared these increases with the general population. The aim of this study was to determine differences in chronic medical conditions between Croatian war veterans and the general population. This study included two groups of subjects, i.e. 1453 participants who are Croatian war veterans and 1429 participants from the general population. Medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and specific diagnostic procedures were taken during systematic physical examination in both groups. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, malignancy, psychiatric diseases, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis, smoking and alcohol consumption was analyzed. Croatian war veterans were found to be more likely to develop hypertension than individuals in the general population (29.5% vs. 24.3%), as well as diabetes (7.3% vs. 3.8%), hyperlipidemia (56.4% vs. 27.3%), hyperthyroidism (3.1% vs. 0.8%), coronary heart disease (4.3% vs. 1 %), malignancy (4.1% vs. 2.2%), psychiatric diseases (15.4% vs. 1.1%), and alcohol consumption (53% vs. 29%). Significant difference was found in favor of the general population for hypothyroidism (14.3% vs. 8%). There were no differences in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cholelithiasis, nephrolithiasis, and smoking. Our findings confirmed the hypothesis of a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, malignancy and psychiatric diseases among Croatian war veterans and emphasized the need of better control of their medical conditions.Povećana učestalost kroničnih bolesti među veteranima dokumentirana je kroz brojna istraživanja, no samo ih je nekoliko studija uspoređivalo s općom populacijom. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u pojavnosti kroničnih bolesti između hrvatskih branitelja i opće populacije. Ovo istraživanje obuhvatilo je dvije skupine ispitanika, 1453 hrvatskih branitelja i 1429 sudionika iz opće populacije. Anamneza, fizikalni pregled, laboratorijske pretrage i specifični dijagnostički postupci provedeni su tijekom sistematskog fizikalnog pregleda u obje skupine. Analizirana je učestalost hipertenzije, šećerne bolesti, hiperlipidemije, hipotireoze i hipertireoze, kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti, koronarne bolesti, malignih bolesti, psihijatrijskih bolesti, kolelitijaze, nefrolitijaze, pušenja i konzumacije alkohola. Utvrđeno je da hrvatski branitelji imaju veću vjerojatnost za razvoj hipertenzije (29,5% prema 24,3%), dijabetesa (17,3% prema 3,8%), hiperlipidemije (56,4% prema 27,3%), hipertireoze (3,1% prema 0,8%), koronarne bolesti srca (4,3% naspram 1%), zloćudne bolesti (4,1% naspram 2,2%), psihijatrijske bolesti (15,4% naspram 1,1%) i češću konzumaciju alkohola (53% naspram 29%) nego pojedinci u općoj populaciji. Uočena je značajna razlika u korist opće populacije za hipotireozu (14,3% naspram 8%). Nije bilo razlika u učestalosti kronične opstruktivne plućne bolesti, kolelitijaze, nefrolitijaze i pušenja. Naši nalazi potvrdili su hipotezu o višoj učestalosti kardiovaskularnih bolesti, malignih i psihijatrijskih bolesti među hrvatskim braniteljima te naglasili potrebu bolje kontrole njihovog zdravstvenog stanja

Medicinske vježbe za bolesnike s kroničnom križoboljom [Therapeutic exercise for patients with chronic low-back pain]

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a major medical and socio-economical problem in the industrialized countries. Exercise therapy is the keystone of conservative treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Numerous randomized trials and clinical practice guidelines have supported that exercise diminishes disability and pain severity while improving fitness and occupational status in patients with CLBP, as well as decrease its recurrence rate. However, there is no significant evidence that one particular type of exercise is clearly more effective than others. Here we present a descriptive review of different types of exercise for therapeutic or prevention purposes in patients with CLBP. Studies suggest that individually tailored, supervised exercise programs are associated with the best outcomes. High quality clinical trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of specific interventions (type, time, intensity and other characteristics) aimed at individuals and/or specific target groups

THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW-BACK PAIN

Križobolja je velik medicinski i socio-ekonomski problem u industrijaliziranim zemljama. Medicinske su vježbe temelj konzervativnog liječenja bolesnika s kroničnom križoboljom. Brojne randomizirane studije i smjernice za kliničku praksu podupiru činjenicu da u bolesnika s kroničnom križoboljom vježbe smanjuju nesposobnost i bol, poboljšavaju opću kondiciju, status zaposlenja i smanjuju stopu ponavljanja epizoda križobolje. Međutim, nema važnih dokaza da je jedan tip vježbi jasno bolji nego drugi. U ovom radu opisno iznosimo pregled različitih tipova vježbi koje rabimo u liječenju bolesnika s kroničnom križoboljom i u svrhu prevencije novih epizoda križobolje. Istraživanja upućuju na to da se najbolji rezultati postižu primjenom individualno osmišljenih vježbi, koje se provode pod stručnim nadzorom. Postoji potreba za visokokvalitetnim istraživanjima s ciljem utvrđivanja učinkovitosti specifičnih intervencija (tip vježbi, vrijeme, intenzitet i druga obilježja) u svakoga pojedinog pacijenta ili specifične grupe pacijenata.Low Back Pain (LBP) is a major medical and socio-economical problem in the industrialized countries. Exercise therapy is the keystone of conservative treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Numerous randomized trials and clinical practice guidelines have supported that exercise diminishes disability and pain severity while improving fitness and occupational status in patients with CLBP, as well as decrease its recurrence rate. However, there is no significant evidence that one particular type of exercise is clearly more effective than others. Here we present a descriptive review of different types of exercise for therapeutic or prevention purposes in patients with CLBP. Studies suggest that individually tailored, supervised exercise programs are associated with the best outcomes. High quality clinical trials are needed to determine the effectiveness of specific interventions (type, time, intensity and other characteristics) aimed at individuals and/or specific target groups

The system of civil servants' assessment in Croatia

Tema ovog rada je postupak ocjenjivanja državnih službenika u Hrvatskoj, skrenuvši pozornost na sam razvoj sustava ocjenjivanja koji je bio najznačajniji u vrijeme od 1994. pa sve do 2006. godine, a zatim i sam postupak ocjenjivanja državnih službenika kako ga regulira Zakon o državnim službenicima. Ocjenjivanjem se državne službenike želi potaknuti na što kvalitetnije i učinkovitije obavljanje posla, da svoje radne zadatke izvršavaju s punom pažnjom i odgovornošću, te da se ponašaju u skladu s Etičkim kodeksom, što kasnije utječe na njihovu radnu ocjenu koja se uzima kao mjerilo za napredovanje ili nagrađivanje, tj. kao mjerilo za prestanak državne službe. Osnovni problem leži prvenstveno u njegovim ocjenjivačima koji nemaju svakodnevnog doticaja sa radom službenika, pa se postavlja pitanje koliko se takva ocjena uzima kao mjerodavna? Smatram da je teško izgraditi sustav ocjenjivanja koji bi u cijelosti udovoljio svima i opravdao svoje postojanje. Potrebno je uvesti jasnija i objektivnija mjerila za ocjenu službenika, a uz to poduprijeti i razvoj ljudskih potencijala na svim razinama državne uprave u smislu obrazovanja, osposobljavanja i usavršavanja, kako bi mogli uložiti što više u svoj rad i kako bi se kroz realnu ocjenu i vidjelo koliko uistinu kvalitetnih radnika državna služba ima

The system of civil servants' assessment in Croatia

Tema ovog rada je postupak ocjenjivanja državnih službenika u Hrvatskoj, skrenuvši pozornost na sam razvoj sustava ocjenjivanja koji je bio najznačajniji u vrijeme od 1994. pa sve do 2006. godine, a zatim i sam postupak ocjenjivanja državnih službenika kako ga regulira Zakon o državnim službenicima. Ocjenjivanjem se državne službenike želi potaknuti na što kvalitetnije i učinkovitije obavljanje posla, da svoje radne zadatke izvršavaju s punom pažnjom i odgovornošću, te da se ponašaju u skladu s Etičkim kodeksom, što kasnije utječe na njihovu radnu ocjenu koja se uzima kao mjerilo za napredovanje ili nagrađivanje, tj. kao mjerilo za prestanak državne službe. Osnovni problem leži prvenstveno u njegovim ocjenjivačima koji nemaju svakodnevnog doticaja sa radom službenika, pa se postavlja pitanje koliko se takva ocjena uzima kao mjerodavna? Smatram da je teško izgraditi sustav ocjenjivanja koji bi u cijelosti udovoljio svima i opravdao svoje postojanje. Potrebno je uvesti jasnija i objektivnija mjerila za ocjenu službenika, a uz to poduprijeti i razvoj ljudskih potencijala na svim razinama državne uprave u smislu obrazovanja, osposobljavanja i usavršavanja, kako bi mogli uložiti što više u svoj rad i kako bi se kroz realnu ocjenu i vidjelo koliko uistinu kvalitetnih radnika državna služba ima