CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 3: CPT-Based Design of Foundations—Example Problems

This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research

INDOT/Purdue Pile Driving Method for Estimation of Axial Capacity

This presentation discusses the new pile driving analysis method. Models for both base and shaft dynamic resistances that account for soil nonlinearity, both radiation and hysteric damping, and rate effects on soil strength will be presented. The analysis is validated through well-documented field tests on instrumented piles. The predictions from the proposed formulas will be compared with the results from static load tests and dynamic load test. Driven pile capacity results from two projects, one on SR 55 in Lake County and the other on US 31 in Marshall County, will be discussed

Use of lignocaine nebulization in post bronchoscopy patients: a study of 150 cases

Background: To see the role of lignocaine nebulisation and to compare its role with use of steroids and bronchodilators alone in post bronchoscopy patients.Methods: In the present study, 150 patients, who underwent rigid bronchoscopy for removal of foreign body, were taken into consideration. Immediately after the rigid bronchoscopy, 100 patients were given nebulization and 50 patients were not nebulized. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients were given nebulization with steroids (budesonide) and bronchodilators (salbutamol) and 50 patients received nebulization with lignocaine 4%, steroids (budesonide) and bronchodilator (salbutamol).Results: In the present study, 38 patients (25.3%) were having complications like laryngobronchial spasm, laryngeal edema, cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest. Out of the 38 patients, 15 patients (39.5%) were having laryngobronchial spasm and 23 patients (60.5%) were having laryngeal edema. Out of 15 patients who had laryngobronchial spasm only 2 (13.3%) patients, who were nebulised developed this complication, while 86.7% cases of laryngobronchial spasm developed in non-nebulised patients. Out of 23 patients who developed laryngeal oedema, only 6 (26%) patients who were nebulised developed this complication, while 74% cases of laryngeal oedema developed in non-nebulised patients.Conclusions: In the present study it is concluded that both morbidity and mortality can be reduced by the use of nebulisation in the postoperative period after rigid bronchoscopy. Addition of lignocaine in nebulisation along with steroids and bronchodilators further reduces the morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period

Thyroglossal duct cyst variation in presentation: our experience of 3 years

Background: The prime objective of the present study was, to learn incidence of thyroglossal duct cyst in different age and sex groups and variation in its presentation.Methods: The present retrospective study was carried out in department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, GMC Jammu from June 2017 to May 2020. In this retrospective study clinical records, medical records and histopathological records were thoroughly reviewed and studied. 20 patients diagnosed as thyroglossal duct cyst were included in the present study.Results: Out of 20 patients, 14 were paediatric patients and 6 were adults. 15 patients presented with cystic swelling while 5 patients presented with fistula. Out of 20 patients, 5 patients had suprahyoid presentation, 4 patients had cyst at the level of hyoid and 11 had infrahyoid presentation. 16 patients underwent sistrunk operation while 4 patients underwent simple excision. Out of 4 patients who had undergone simple excision, 2 patients developed recurrence.Conclusions: In the present study it is concluded that paediatric age group presents most commonly with thyroglossal cyst as a midline, painless swelling. The most common site observed is infrahyoid region. After proper investigations and diagnosis, thyroglossal duct cyst should be excised preferably by sistrunk operation

Experimental Study of the Load Response of Large Diameter Closed-Ended and Open-Ended Pipe Piles Installed in Alluvial Soil

A seven-span concrete bridge was constructed over the Wabash River in Lafayette, Indiana. The bridge, which has a total length of 305 m (1,000 ft) and typical spans of 46 m (152 ft), consists of six hammerhead bridge piers in the center and two end bents supported on open-ended and closed-ended pipe piles, respectively. According to the structural bridge design, the dead load carried by each pile ranges from 1,014 kN (228 kips) to 1,495 kN (336 kips), whereas the live load ranges from 512 kN (115 kips) to 1,188 kN (267 kips), depending on the location of the piles. A closed-ended and an open-ended test piles (with the same, or almost the same diameter for the production pile) were instrumented at the Bowen Laboratory, transported to the construction site, then driven into the ground, and statically load tested. The report presents in detail the results of the site investigation, pile instrumentation procedure, pile driving records and interpretations of the static load test results

Load and Resistance Factor Design of Bridge Foundations Accounting for Pile Group–Soil Interaction

Pile group foundations are used in most foundation solutions for transportation structures. Rigorous and reliable pile design methods are required to produce designs whose level of safety (probability of failure) is known. By utilizing recently developed, advanced, two-surface plasticity constitutive models, rigorous finite element analyses are conducted. These analyses are for axially loaded single piles and pile groups with several pile-to-pile distances in various group configurations installed in sandy and clayey soil profiles. The analyses shed light on the relationships between the global response of the pile-soil system (development of shaft and base resistances) and the behavior of local soil elements (e.g., shear band formation). The influence of the group configuration, pile-topile spacing, soil profile, and pile head settlement on the group effects are studied. Mechanisms of pile-soil-pile interactions in pile groups are revealed. Pile efficiencies for individual piles and the overall pile group are reported for use in pile group design. The instrumentation, installation, and static and dynamic testing of a closed-ended, driven pipe pile in Marshall County, Indiana is documented. The test results along with two other case histories are used to verify the new Purdue pile design method. Probabilistic analyses are performed to develop resistance factors for the load and resistance factor design, LRFD, of pile groups considering both displacement and non-displacement piles, various soil profiles, and two target probabilities of failure. The pile design equations, pile group efficiencies and resistance factors together form the LRFD pile design framework. Two step-by-step design examples are provided to demonstrate the LRFD pile design procedures for single piles and pile groups

Use of topical nasal steroid spray in the treatment of non-specific chronic pharyngitis- our experience

Background: The present study was done to find the effectiveness of nasal steroid spray in the treatment of non-specific chronic pharyngitis.Methods: The present prospective study was carried out in department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery, Government Medical College Jammu from July 2017 to March 2020. Patients were selected randomly from the ENT OPD, a detailed history was taken, thorough clinical examination was done to confirm the diagnosis and exclude all other existing illnesses and associated problems. Fluticasone nasal spray was used to see the relief of symptoms. Persistent relief was central to be considered proof of effectiveness of the treatment.Results: 40 patients were taken up for the present study, out of which only 32 patients showed relief in symptoms. 25 patients showed relief of symptoms with only 1-2 sprays. 8 patients did not report any relief of symptoms even after continues use of steroid nasal spray for 3-4 weeks. No significant side effect was noticed in any patient.Conclusions: In the present study, it is concluded that use of steroid (fluticasone) nasal spray in well selected cases of non-specific chronic pharyngitis is very effective, safe and cheap

Verification of Bridge Foundation Design Assumptions and Calculations

The Sagamore Parkway Bridge consists of twin parallel bridges over the Wabash River in Lafayette, IN. The old steel-truss eastbound bridge was demolished in November 2016 and replaced by a new seven-span concrete bridge. The new bridge consists of two end-bents (bent 1 and bent 8) and six interior piers (pier 2 to pier 7) that are founded on closed-ended and open-ended driven pipe piles, respectively. During bridge construction, one of the bridge piers (pier 7) and its foundation elements were selected for instrumentation for monitoring the long-term response of the bridge to dead and live loads. The main goals of the project were (1) to compare the design bridge loads (dead and live loads) with the actual measured loads and (2) to study the transfer of the superstructure loads to the foundation and the load distribution among the piles in the group. This report presents in detail the site investigation data, the instrumentation schemes used for load and settlement measurements, and the response of the bridge pier and its foundation to dead and live loads at different stages during and after bridge construction. The measurement results include the load-settlement curves of the bridge pier and the piles supporting it, the load transferred from the bridge pier to its foundation, the bearing capacity of the pile cap, the load eccentricity, and the distribution of loads within the pier’s cross section and among the individual piles in the group. The measured dead and live loads are compared with those estimated in bridge design

Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Ipomoea purpurea and Ipomoea tricolor, Two Ornamentals with Invasive Potential

[EN] Invasive plants pose a significant threat to biodiversity, especially under the current unstable climatic conditions. This study aimed to test the salt and drought tolerance of two ornamental species of the genus Ipomoea during germination and vegetative growth. Germination tests were performed in the presence of increasing NaCl concentrations or iso-osmotic PEG concentrations¿to mimic the osmotic stress caused by drought. Both species showed great invasive potential because of their high seed germination percentages and rapid germination under control (distilled water) and salt stress conditions, up to 200 mM NaCl. Germination and early seedling development were more affected in the presence of PEG. Subsequently, water stress (complete withholding of irrigation) and salt stress (watering with 100 mM and 200 mM NaCl) treatments were applied to young plants for three weeks, when all plants were harvested, to determine several morphological and biochemical parameters. Both species were sensitive to water deficit but relatively resistant to salt stress. Their salt stress responses were similar, based mainly on the inhibition of Na+ and the activation of K+ transport from roots to leaves and the uptake and accumulation of Ca2+; however, I. tricolor showed a slightly higher tolerance to salt stress than I. purpurea. Although I. tricolor has only been locally reported as invasive and is generally considered a `low-risk¿ species, our results indicate that it may have an invasive potential even higher than I. purpurea, a recognised invasive weed, spread into areas with moderate salinity, affecting agricultural land or natural habitats of ecological interestD.-M.M. is supported by a pre-doctoral contract from the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain and R.M. by a CDEIGENT (2018/2023) grant from Generalitat Valenciana.Mircea, DM.; Li, R.; Blasco Giménez, L.; Vicente, O.; Sestras, AF.; Sestras, RE.; Boscaiu, M.... (2023). Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Ipomoea purpurea and Ipomoea tricolor, Two Ornamentals with Invasive Potential. Agronomy. 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy1309219813

Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Water Stress and Salinity of the Invasive Moth Plant, Araujia sericifera Brot., during Seed Germination and Vegetative Growth

[EN] Araujia sericifera is an invasive plant with an increasing presence in South East Spain, where it produces damage to native trees and shrubs and citric orchards. As the climatic conditions in the study area are becoming harsher due to the climate change, the stress tolerance of this species has been studied during germination and vegetative growth. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, ion accumulation, and antioxidant mechanisms were analysed in plants that were subjected to water deficit and salt stress. Seed germination was reduced by salinity but 50% of the seeds still germinated at 50 mM NaCl. The ungerminated seeds did not lose their germination capacity as shown in `recovery¿ germination assays in distilled water. Germination was less affected by osmotic stress that was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), and germination velocity increased in the recovery treatments after exposure to NaCl or PEG. Plant growth was practically unaffected by 150 mM NaCl but inhibited by higher NaCl concentrations or severe drought stress. Nevertheless, all the plants survived throughout the experiment, even under high salinity (600 mM NaCl). A. sericifera relative stress tolerance relies, at least to some extent, on effective antioxidant mechanisms that are based on flavonoid biosynthesis and the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase.Bellache, M.; Moltó, N.; Allal Benfekih, L.; Torres-Pagán, N.; Mir Moreno, R.; Verdeguer Sancho, MM.; Boscaiu, M.... (2022). Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Water Stress and Salinity of the Invasive Moth Plant, Araujia sericifera Brot., during Seed Germination and Vegetative Growth. Agronomy. 11(2):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy1202036112011