K\"ahlerian Effective Potentials for Chern-Simons-Matter Theories

In this paper, we will calculate the effective potential for a theory of multiple M2-branes. As the theory of multiple M2-branes can be described by a Chern-Simons-matter theory, this will be done by calculating the K\"ahlerian effective potential for a Chern-Simons-matter theory. This calculation will be performed in $\mathcal{N} = 1$ superspace formalism. We will initially study an Abelian Chern-Simons-matter theory, and then generalize those results to the full non-Abelian Chern-Simons-matter theory. We will obtain explicit expressions for the superpropagators for this theory. These superpropagators will be used to calculate the one-loop effective potential.Comment: 15 page

Data on the annual aggregated income taxes of the Italian municipalities over the quinquennium 2007–2011

This dataset contains the annual aggregated income taxes of all the Italian municipalities over the years 2007-2011. Data are clustered over the Italian regions and provinces. The source of the data is the Italian Ministry of Economics and Finance. The administrative variations in Italy over the quinquennium have been taken into account. Data are useful to understand the economic structure of Italy at the microscopic level of municipalities. They can serve also for making comparisons between economical aspects and other features of the Italian cities

Benford’s law predicted digit distribution of aggregated income taxes: the surprising conformity of Italian cities and regions

The yearly aggregated tax income data of all, more than 8000, Italian municipalities are analyzed for a period of five years, from 2007 to 2011, to search for conformity or not with Benford’s law, a counter-intuitive phenomenon observed in large tabulated data where the occurrence of numbers having smaller initial digits is more favored than those with larger digits. This is done in anticipation that large deviations from Benford’s law will be found in view of tax evasion supposedly being widespread across Italy. Contrary to expectations, we show that the overall tax income data for all these years is in excellent agreement with Benford’s law. Furthermore, we also analyze the data of Calabria, Campania and Sicily, the three Italian regions known for strong presence of mafia, to see if there are any marked deviations from Benford’s law. Again, we find that all yearly data sets for Calabria and Sicily agree with Benford’s law whereas only the 2007 and 2008 yearly data show departures from the law for Campania. These results are again surprising in view of underground and illegal nature of economic activities of mafia which significantly contribute totax evasion. Some hypothesis for the found conformity is presented

Density Functionalized Drug-Surfactant Interaction of Aqueous SDS-Tartrazine

Study of molecular density theory is considered nowadays as a powerful tool to speculate various physical and chemical properties of materials. Herein, we report the theoretical inference of associated changes in chemical properties of sodium dodecyl sulphate and tartrazine when allowed to go through pre- and post-micellization phenomena. Because of the involvement of the two compounds in manifold industrial applications, the study reflects some important conclusions of drug-surfactant chemistry. The computational work involves the use of Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM), water as solvent and 631g(d,p) basis set with B3LYP as functional. Each molecule was run individually first to arrive at an optimized structure followed by a final optimization of assumed network (mesh of proposed binary mixture) to visualize the changes that occur on combination. Each set of energy minimal calculation was then run for frequency calculation, electronic spectral evaluation and molecular natural population analysis. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces were discussed in linking the appropriate hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction

Measuring measurement--disturbance relationships with weak values

Using formal definitions for measurement precision {\epsilon} and disturbance (measurement backaction) {\eta}, Ozawa [Phys. Rev. A 67, 042105 (2003)] has shown that Heisenberg's claimed relation between these quantities is false in general. Here we show that the quantities introduced by Ozawa can be determined experimentally, using no prior knowledge of the measurement under investigation --- both quantities correspond to the root-mean-squared difference given by a weak-valued probability distribution. We propose a simple three-qubit experiment which would illustrate the failure of Heisenberg's measurement--disturbance relation, and the validity of an alternative relation proposed by Ozawa

Emerging Legal Issues of E-Commerce IT ACT 2008

Internet has unfolded a new market for businesses to explore and exploit. The enormous flexibility and speed of Internet makes it the most modern platform for businesses as well as consumers to execute business transactions. The goods and services of diverse nature are being offered to the businesses or to the consumers globally. The whole world has been converted in to the market to be available on the click of a mouse on the laptop or palmtop. To provide security and legal recognition to the transactions executed electronically, the Indian Parliament enacted the Information Technology Act, 2000 modeled on UNCITRAL\u27s Model Law, though it departs in many respects from the spirit of the Model Law. Immediately after the enactment of the IT Act, it was found that certain significant provisions are missing in this enactment; its provisions lack harmony and above all many legal issues have not been properly spelled out. The IT Act was amended in the year 2008 with four fold objectives. Interestingly, the draftsmen have admitted that the digital signatures prescribed for authentication of electronic records in the original IT Act are linked with specific technology, it has become necessary to provide for alternative technology of electronic signatures, nevertheless the original provision for digital signatures has been retained which has compounded the confusion. Furthermore, the Indian courts have not yet found any opportunity to appraise the impact of the provisions of the IT Act on substantive principles of contract formation codified in the Indian Contract Act, 1872. An analytical evaluation is therefore, needed to identify the issues raised by the information technology relating to contract formation, impact of the IT Act on the principles relating to contract formation provided in the Contract Act, and impact of non-inclusion of the principles governing e-commerce, provided in the Model Law but not reflected in the IT Act

Emerging Legal Issues of E-Commerce

Internet has unfolded a new market for businesses to explore and exploit. The enormous flexibility and speed of Internet makes it the most modern platform for businesses as well as consumers to execute business transactions. The goods and services of diverse nature are being offered to the businesses or to the consumers globally. The whole world has been converted in to the market to be available on the click of a mouse on the laptop or palmtop. To provide security and legal recognition to the transactions executed electronically, the Indian Parliament enacted the Information Technology Act, 2000 modeled on UNCITRAL\u27s Model Law, though it departs in many respects from the spirit of the Model Law. Immediately after the enactment of the IT Act, it was found that certain significant provisions are missing in this enactment; its provisions lack harmony and above all many legal issues have not been properly spelled out. The IT Act was amended in the year 2008 with four fold objectives. Interestingly, the draftsmen have admitted that the digital signatures prescribed for authentication of electronic records in the original IT Act are linked with specific technology, it has become necessary to provide for alternative technology of electronic signatures, nevertheless the original provision for digital signatures has been retained which has compounded the confusion. Furthermore, the Indian courts have not yet found any opportunity to appraise the impact of the provisions of the IT Act on substantive principles of contract formation codified in the Indian Contract Act, 1872. An analytical evaluation is therefore, needed to identify the issues raised by the information technology relating to contract formation, impact of the IT Act on the principles relating to contract formation provided in the Contract Act, and impact of non-inclusion of the principles governing e-commerce, provided in the Model Law but not reflected in the IT Act