2 research outputs found
Harbor networks as introduction gateways: contrasting distribution patterns of native and introduced ascidians
16 p谩ginas, 6 tablas, 4 figurasHarbors and marinas are well known
gateways for species introductions in marine environments
but little work has been done to ascertain
relationships between species diversity, harbor type,
and geographic distance to uncover patterns of
secondary spread. Here, we sampled ascidians from
32 harbors along ca. 300 km of theNWMediterranean
coast and investigated patterns of distribution and
spread related to harbor type (marina, fishing, commercial)
and geographic location using multivariate
techniques. In total, 28 ascidians were identified at the
species level and another 9 at the genus level based on
morphology and genetic barcoding. Eight species
were assigned to introduced forms, 15 were given
native status and 5 were classified as cryptogenic.
Aplidium accarense was reported for the first time in
the Mediterranean Sea and was especially abundant in
23 of the harbors. Introduced and cryptogenic species
were abundant in most of the surveyed harbors, while
native forms were rare and restricted to a few harbors.
Significant differences in the distribution of ascidians
according to harbor type and latitudinal position were
observed. These differences were due to the distribution
of introduced species. We obtained a significant
correlation between geographic distance and ascidian
composition, indicating that closely located harbors
shared more ascidian species among them. This study
showed that harbors act as dispersal strongholds for
introduced species, with native species only appearing
sporadically, and that harbor type and geographic
location should also be considered when developing
management plans to constrain the spread of nonindigenous
species in highly urbanized coastlines.This study was funded by the Marie Curie International Reintegration
Grant FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG 277038 and by the COCONET
project #287844, both within the 7th European Community
Framework Program, by the Spanish Government project
CTM2013-48163, and by the Catalan Government Grant
2014SGR-336 for Consolidated Research Groups.Peer reviewe