Pesquisa e certificação de sementes de soja na empresa Fundação Pró-Sementes de Apoio a Pesquisa

O estágio foi realizado na Fundação Pró-Sementes de Apoio a Pesquisa, situada no município de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. Esse teve o objetivo de adquirir conhecimentos na metodologia utilizada para a prestação de serviços em ensaios de pesquisa e na certificação de sementes de soja. Durante o estágio foram realizadas diversas atividades, sendo principalmente o acompanhamento de experimentos a campo de valor de cultivo e uso, ensaios com diversas cultivares de soja, vistorias de campos de produção de sementes no Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Com a finalidade da divulgação dos resultados de pesquisa realizados pela instituição, foram realizados eventos como: participação em dias de campos, feiras, onde foi possível conhecer pessoas de diferentes áreas

Performance of flooded rice grown in succession to winter cover crops

Mean grain yield of flooded rice in southern Brazil has increased in recent years due to the use of high-yield cultivars and improvement of crop management practices. Nevertheless, stagnation in grain yields has been observed in some riceproducing regions. Adoption of conservation tillage systems based on cover crops may be a strategy to increase rice grain yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops on initial establishment, development, and grain yield of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under different fertilization levels and no-tillage. A field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years (2010/11, 2011/12, and 2012/13) in Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. Treatments included three winter cover crops [ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), native serradella (Ornithopus micranthus Benth.), and a ryegrass-serradella mixture] and fallow, and three fertilization levels for rice grown in succession. More than 3 Mg ha-1 of serradella aboveground residue or 4 Mg ha-1 of ryegrass residue limited rice emergence in the first year when rainfall in the sowing-emergence period was higher than in the second and third years In contrast, a large amount of residue (serradella >2 Mg ha-1; ryegrass >3 Mg ha-1) was beneficial to rice emergence when rainfall was low in the sowing-emergence period of the second and third years. The serradella cover crop increased rice aboveground biomass at anthesis by 22 % compared to the ryegrass cover crop. Furthermore, rice grain yield was 15 % higher in succession to serradella than to ryegrass in the third year. Continuous cultivation of flooded rice in succession to ryegrass over three years reduced grain yield by around 1.4 Mg ha-1, regardless of fertilization level. Fertilization for very high production expectations increased rice grain yield in all years, especially in the second year, when solar radiation was higher than normal. The use of winter cover crops affected plant emergence, aboveground biomass, and grain yield of flooded rice. Rice grain yield increased with increases in fertilization level, and this response was not affected by the previous cover crop

Sowing date and fertilizers stabilized as strategies to increase nitrogen efficiency use in maize

O nitrogênio (N) é suscetível a perdas, o que reduz sua eficiência de uso pelas plantas. Diante disso, estratégias que visem aumentar a eficiência de uso do N e minimizar o impacto ambiental de sua aplicação devem ser buscadas. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: a) avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada em função de época de semeadura e b) determinar a eficiência agronômica de uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados estabilizados aplicados em cobertura. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos a campo, o primeiro no ano agrícola de 2014/15 e o segundo em 2015/16, no município de Eldorado do Sul-RS. No Experimento I, os tratamentos consistiram de duas épocas de semeadura (15 de agosto e 13 de outubro de 2014), caracterizadas, respectivamente, como sendo início e período intermediário da época de semeadura recomendada, e cinco doses de N em cobertura (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg ha-1). No Experimento II foram testadas quatro fontes de fertilizantes nitrogenados em cobertura: ureia comum, ureia com inibidor de urease, ureia com inibidor de nitrificação e ureia com os dois inibidores, e três doses de N em cobertura (50, 120 e 270 kg ha-1). No Experimento I os rendimentos de grãos nas doses de N de 100 e 200 kg ha-1 foram 11 %, e nas doses de 300 e 400 kg ha-1 foram 18% e 4 % maiores na época de semeadura do início do período recomendado (agosto) em relação à época de semeadura intermediária (outubro), respectivamente. No experimento II, na dose intermediária (120 kg ha-1), o rendimento de grãos aumentou em 20,5 % e 10,5 % com a aplicação da ureia com inibidor da urease e da ureia com os dois inibidores, respectivamente, em relação à ureia comum. Na dose alta (270 kg ha- 1), o rendimento de grãos foi 11 % e 24,2 % maior quando se utilizou a ureia com inibidor da urease e a com os dois inibidores, respectivamente, em relação à ureia comum. A aplicação da ureia com o inibidor da enzima urease na dose intermediária (120 kg ha-1) e com os dois inibidores na dose mais alta (270 kg ha- 1) foram estratégias eficientes para aumentar a eficiência de uso do N em milho em relação a ureia comum. A antecipação da semeadura do milho, para o início do período recomendado, e a utilização de adubos nitrogenados estabilizados são estratégias eficientes para aumentar a eficiência agronômica de uso do N.Nitrogen (N) is susceptible to losses, which reduces its efficiency of use by plants. Therefore, strategies that aim to increase N efficiency use and to minimize the environmental impact of its application should be sought. The objectives of the study were to: a) determine if the response of maize to nitrogen fertilization varies according to sowing season and b) evaluate the agronomic efficiency of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers applied in top dressing. Two experiments were conducted, the first in the growing season of 2014/15 and the second in 2015/16, in Eldorado do Sul-RS, Brazil. In Experiment I, the treatments consisted of two sowing dates (August, 15th and October, 13th, 2014), characterized as the beginning and intermediate period of the recommended sowing season, and five N doses in top dressing (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1). In Experiment II, four nitrogen fertilizer sources were tested in top dressing: common urea, urea with urease inhibitor, urea with nitrification inhibitor and urea with both inhibitors and three doses of N in top dressing (50, 120 and 270 kg ha-1). In Experiment I grain yields at N doses of 100 and 200 kg ha-1 were 11%, and at N doses of 300 and 400 kg ha-1 were 18% and 4% higher IN the sowing season at the beginning of the recommended period (August) in relation to the intermediate sowing season (October), respectively In the Experiment II at the intermediate dose, grain yield increased by 20.5 % (1.8 Mg ha-1) and 10.54 % (0. 9 Mg ha-1) with the application respectively of urea with urease inhibitor and urea with the two inhibitors in relation to common urea. At the highest N dose (270 kg ha-1), grain yield was 11 % (1.2 Mg ha-1) and 24.2 % (2.7 Mg ha-1) higher with the application, respectively, of urea with urease inhibitor and urea with the two inhibitors, in relation to common urea. The use of urea with inhibitor of urease, at the intermediate and high N doses, and urea with the two inhibitors, at the highest dose, are efficient strategies to obtain higher grain yields and to improve N efficiency use in relation to commom urea. The anticipation of maize sowing at the beginning of the recommended period and the use of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers are efficient strategies to increase the agronomic efficiency of N

Sowing date and fertilizers stabilized as strategies to increase nitrogen efficiency use in maize

O nitrogênio (N) é suscetível a perdas, o que reduz sua eficiência de uso pelas plantas. Diante disso, estratégias que visem aumentar a eficiência de uso do N e minimizar o impacto ambiental de sua aplicação devem ser buscadas. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: a) avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada em função de época de semeadura e b) determinar a eficiência agronômica de uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados estabilizados aplicados em cobertura. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos a campo, o primeiro no ano agrícola de 2014/15 e o segundo em 2015/16, no município de Eldorado do Sul-RS. No Experimento I, os tratamentos consistiram de duas épocas de semeadura (15 de agosto e 13 de outubro de 2014), caracterizadas, respectivamente, como sendo início e período intermediário da época de semeadura recomendada, e cinco doses de N em cobertura (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg ha-1). No Experimento II foram testadas quatro fontes de fertilizantes nitrogenados em cobertura: ureia comum, ureia com inibidor de urease, ureia com inibidor de nitrificação e ureia com os dois inibidores, e três doses de N em cobertura (50, 120 e 270 kg ha-1). No Experimento I os rendimentos de grãos nas doses de N de 100 e 200 kg ha-1 foram 11 %, e nas doses de 300 e 400 kg ha-1 foram 18% e 4 % maiores na época de semeadura do início do período recomendado (agosto) em relação à época de semeadura intermediária (outubro), respectivamente. No experimento II, na dose intermediária (120 kg ha-1), o rendimento de grãos aumentou em 20,5 % e 10,5 % com a aplicação da ureia com inibidor da urease e da ureia com os dois inibidores, respectivamente, em relação à ureia comum. Na dose alta (270 kg ha- 1), o rendimento de grãos foi 11 % e 24,2 % maior quando se utilizou a ureia com inibidor da urease e a com os dois inibidores, respectivamente, em relação à ureia comum. A aplicação da ureia com o inibidor da enzima urease na dose intermediária (120 kg ha-1) e com os dois inibidores na dose mais alta (270 kg ha- 1) foram estratégias eficientes para aumentar a eficiência de uso do N em milho em relação a ureia comum. A antecipação da semeadura do milho, para o início do período recomendado, e a utilização de adubos nitrogenados estabilizados são estratégias eficientes para aumentar a eficiência agronômica de uso do N.Nitrogen (N) is susceptible to losses, which reduces its efficiency of use by plants. Therefore, strategies that aim to increase N efficiency use and to minimize the environmental impact of its application should be sought. The objectives of the study were to: a) determine if the response of maize to nitrogen fertilization varies according to sowing season and b) evaluate the agronomic efficiency of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers applied in top dressing. Two experiments were conducted, the first in the growing season of 2014/15 and the second in 2015/16, in Eldorado do Sul-RS, Brazil. In Experiment I, the treatments consisted of two sowing dates (August, 15th and October, 13th, 2014), characterized as the beginning and intermediate period of the recommended sowing season, and five N doses in top dressing (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ha-1). In Experiment II, four nitrogen fertilizer sources were tested in top dressing: common urea, urea with urease inhibitor, urea with nitrification inhibitor and urea with both inhibitors and three doses of N in top dressing (50, 120 and 270 kg ha-1). In Experiment I grain yields at N doses of 100 and 200 kg ha-1 were 11%, and at N doses of 300 and 400 kg ha-1 were 18% and 4% higher IN the sowing season at the beginning of the recommended period (August) in relation to the intermediate sowing season (October), respectively In the Experiment II at the intermediate dose, grain yield increased by 20.5 % (1.8 Mg ha-1) and 10.54 % (0. 9 Mg ha-1) with the application respectively of urea with urease inhibitor and urea with the two inhibitors in relation to common urea. At the highest N dose (270 kg ha-1), grain yield was 11 % (1.2 Mg ha-1) and 24.2 % (2.7 Mg ha-1) higher with the application, respectively, of urea with urease inhibitor and urea with the two inhibitors, in relation to common urea. The use of urea with inhibitor of urease, at the intermediate and high N doses, and urea with the two inhibitors, at the highest dose, are efficient strategies to obtain higher grain yields and to improve N efficiency use in relation to commom urea. The anticipation of maize sowing at the beginning of the recommended period and the use of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers are efficient strategies to increase the agronomic efficiency of N

Performance of flooded rice grown in succession to winter cover crops

Mean grain yield of flooded rice in southern Brazil has increased in recent years due to the use of high-yield cultivars and improvement of crop management practices. Nevertheless, stagnation in grain yields has been observed in some riceproducing regions. Adoption of conservation tillage systems based on cover crops may be a strategy to increase rice grain yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops on initial establishment, development, and grain yield of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under different fertilization levels and no-tillage. A field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years (2010/11, 2011/12, and 2012/13) in Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. Treatments included three winter cover crops [ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), native serradella (Ornithopus micranthus Benth.), and a ryegrass-serradella mixture] and fallow, and three fertilization levels for rice grown in succession. More than 3 Mg ha-1 of serradella aboveground residue or 4 Mg ha-1 of ryegrass residue limited rice emergence in the first year when rainfall in the sowing-emergence period was higher than in the second and third years In contrast, a large amount of residue (serradella >2 Mg ha-1; ryegrass >3 Mg ha-1) was beneficial to rice emergence when rainfall was low in the sowing-emergence period of the second and third years. The serradella cover crop increased rice aboveground biomass at anthesis by 22 % compared to the ryegrass cover crop. Furthermore, rice grain yield was 15 % higher in succession to serradella than to ryegrass in the third year. Continuous cultivation of flooded rice in succession to ryegrass over three years reduced grain yield by around 1.4 Mg ha-1, regardless of fertilization level. Fertilization for very high production expectations increased rice grain yield in all years, especially in the second year, when solar radiation was higher than normal. The use of winter cover crops affected plant emergence, aboveground biomass, and grain yield of flooded rice. Rice grain yield increased with increases in fertilization level, and this response was not affected by the previous cover crop

Performance of Flooded Rice Grown in Succession to Winter Cover Crops

ABSTRACT: Mean grain yield of flooded rice in southern Brazil has increased in recent years due to the use of high-yield cultivars and improvement of crop management practices. Nevertheless, stagnation in grain yields has been observed in some rice-producing regions. Adoption of conservation tillage systems based on cover crops may be a strategy to increase rice grain yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops on initial establishment, development, and grain yield of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under different fertilization levels and no-tillage. A field experiment was carried out for three consecutive years (2010/11, 2011/12, and 2012/13) in Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. Treatments included three winter cover crops [ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), native serradella (Ornithopus micranthus Benth.), and a ryegrass-serradella mixture] and fallow, and three fertilization levels for rice grown in succession. More than 3 Mg ha−1 of serradella aboveground residue or 4 Mg ha−1 of ryegrass residue limited rice emergence in the first year when rainfall in the sowing-emergence period was higher than in the second and third years. In contrast, a large amount of residue (serradella >2 Mg ha−1; ryegrass >3 Mg ha−1) was beneficial to rice emergence when rainfall was low in the sowing-emergence period of the second and third years. The serradella cover crop increased rice aboveground biomass at anthesis by 22 % compared to the ryegrass cover crop. Furthermore, rice grain yield was 15 % higher in succession to serradella than to ryegrass in the third year. Continuous cultivation of flooded rice in succession to ryegrass over three years reduced grain yield by around 1.4 Mg ha−1, regardless of fertilization level. Fertilization for very high production expectations increased rice grain yield in all years, especially in the second year, when solar radiation was higher than normal. The use of winter cover crops affected plant emergence, aboveground biomass, and grain yield of flooded rice. Rice grain yield increased with increases in fertilization level, and this response was not affected by the previous cover crop