6 research outputs found
Microorganisms Resistant to White Phosphorus
We present preliminary results on the successful culturing of different microbial taxonomic groups on media containing white phosphorus (P4) as the sole source of phosphorus. The increase in culture resistance resulting from targeted selection was demonstrated. The highest concentration of P4 used in the study exceeds the threshold limit concentration of P4 in wastewater mud by 5000 times. Putative metabolites of P4 were also investigated.
Keywords: biodegradation; white phosphorus; Aspergillus niger; Streptomyces sp. A
Biological Degradation of Yellow (White) Phosphorus, a Compound of First Class Hazard
Abstract: Biodegradation is an important method for the purification of industrial sewage and environment from chemical wastes. The biodegradation of elemental yellow (white) phosphorus was observed only in our studies. It is one of the most hazardous contaminants of environment. White phosphorus and its transformation products are used in industry, agriculture, drug manufacture, and military. For the first time, we have obtained cultures of microorganisms growing in media containing white phosphorus in concentration much higher than the threshold limit concentration in sewage. Elemental phosphorus is the strongest poison as reduced compounds and phosphate esters. However, in completely oxidized state (inorganic phosphates) it is a biogenic element necessary for all forms of life. Earth biomass consists of phosphorus almost by 3%. Prospects of the biodegradation of toxic phosphorus compounds, and elemental phosphorus are huge. The practical implementation of new deactivation method showing a number of advantages will allow one to reduce considerably fines imposed on plants producing and consuming yellow phosphorus
ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π±Π°Π³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
Methane fermentation (biomethanogenesis) performed by a multicomponent microbial consortium under anaerobic conditions results in a mixture of approximately 65 % CH4, 30 % CO2, 1 % H2S and minor amounts of N2, O2, H2 and CO. The peculiarity of biomethanogenesis lies in the ability to convert almost all classes of organic compounds, household, agricultural and some industrial waste into biogas. We were the first to assess the efficiency of the biogas production from organic waste as influenced by various materials derived from amaranth ( Amaranthus cruentus L.) which were used as co-substrates. Our findings indicate that optimization of the substrate organic matter composition by using dry phytomass of amaranth plants or amaranth pulp which remains after removing all practically valuable substances makes it possible to produce biogas from sewage sludge. This facilitates solving ecological problems of waste disinfection and utilization, and gives us an alternative, cheap and renewable source for fuel. Cultivated A. cruentus is a high-yielding protein-rich crop. Its biomass serves as a reproducible raw material. In our previous works, we reported the technology for rutin, vegetable protein and pectin production from A. cruentus plants, and suggested a scheme for complex processing which includes extraction of these substances from amaranth dry phytomass in a single technological cycle. The pulp obtained after extraction of all valuable compounds was proposed as a co-substrate for organic waste anaerobic fermentation. We modeled the effect of amaranth-derived substances on biogas production in the laboratory bioreactor using large-tonnage urban sewage sludge as a substrate. It was shown that the doses of the additives affected the process, i.e. the excess of amaranth plant mass (74 % and 87 %) suppressed methanogenesis. The thermophilic (50 Β°C) fermentation was found to be superior to the mesophilic one (37 Β°Π‘), with the biogas production of 354 ml per gram of dry matter, when large-tonnage sewage sludge after filter press (45 % humidity) was fermented using amaranth pulp as the co-substrate. Moreover, in the presence of amaranth pulp, the biomethanogenesis under the mesophilic conditions also increased, the lag phase was almost absent, and the CH4 level throughout the experiment was about 60 %. As a result, the specific biogas yield reached 251.9 ml per gram of dry matter that is equivalent to ~ 0.25 m3 of the resultant biogas from 1 kg of organic raw material dry matter. In order to search for the active fraction of amaranth phytomass, we used solvents of different polarity, i.e. dichloromethane, 70 % aqueous ethanol and distilled water. It was found that the lag phase reduced to 10 days with the CH2Cl2 and EtOH extracts, which was comparable to that in the presence of dry amaranth phytomass. Obviously, these extracts contain components which either undergo rapid destruction by microorganisms able to turn them into biogas, or contribute to bacterial growth. The dichloromethane extract added to the substrate led to the most efficient biogas production, which is consistent with the literature data. Our findings indicate the ecological and economic feasibility of using amaranth pulp for organic waste bioconversion.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· - ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· 65 % Π‘H4, 30 % CO2, 1 % Π2S ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² N2, O2, H2 ΠΈ CO, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π· ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π±Π°Π³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ( Amaranthus cruentus L.) Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΆΠΎΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π· ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π±Π°Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ - Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ A. cruentus Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅. ΠΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ (ΠΠ‘Π) Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ (ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° 74 % ΠΈ 87 % ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ» ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·). ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ‘Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡ-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° (Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ 45 %) Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (37 Β°Π‘) ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (50 Β°Π‘) ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΎΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ° (ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 354 ΠΌΠ»/Π³ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°). ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° 87,0 %, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π»Π°Π³-ΡΠ°Π·Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ CH4 Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 60 %, Π° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π» 251,9 ΠΌΠ»/Π³ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ~ 0,25 ΠΌ3 Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΠ· 1 ΠΊΠ³ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ. Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ - Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π°, 70 % Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² CH2Cl2 ΠΈ EtOH Π»Π°Π³-ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ 10 ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π·, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΊ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π°Π·Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠΎΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
The study of acute and chronic toxicity of the sodium-, calcium-, iron-polygalacturonate pharmacological substance in rabbits
The purpose of this study is the assessment of the acute and chronic toxicity of pharmacological substance sodium, calcium, iron-polygalacturonate (PG Na,Ca,Fe) in rabbits as one of the stages of preclinical studies. We studied an acute and chronic oral toxicity of PG Na,Ca,Fe, which stimulates the process of hemopoiesis, in male and female rabbits of the βChinchillaβ. According to the results of the study of acute toxicity of PG Na,Ca,Fe, treating with it the rabbits of both sexes in doses of 0.5β5β―g/kg has no toxic effect (LD50 greater than 5β―g/kg). The histostructure of studied organs of animals, treated with preparations in a dose of 5β―g/kg, did not differ from that of the animals of the control group. This study allow to classify PG Na,Ca,Fe as a preparation of the 6th class with respect to harmless drugs. An estimate of the chronic toxicity of PG Na,Ca,Fe at administration of preparation in the form of boluses to rabbits in doses 0.025, 0.262 and 0.5β―g/kg of the body weight demonstrated that the general condition and behavior of animals did not differ from the norm. The data of hematological and biochemical studies of blood serum and urine, electrocardiographic studies, the study of the mass coefficients of the internal organs of the experimental rabbits, treated with PG Na,Ca,Fe in the mentioned doses for 60β―days, compared to those obtained in the 30-day post-observation period, did not show significant changes with respect to the control and intact group of rabbits. Keywords: Na-,Ca-,Fe-polygalacturonate, Pectin polysaccharides modification, Acute toxicity, Chronic toxicity, Antianemic preparatio
Effect of White Phosphorus on the Survival, Cellular Morphology, and Proteome of Aspergillus niger
Β© 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Inc. Abstract: In the present study, the mechanisms of Aspergillus niger AM1 and AM2 resistance to white phosphorus were studied. It was shown that the presence of white phosphorus (P4) at a concentration of 0.25% in the medium had a marginal impact on the ratio of living to dead cells during fungal cultivation, which indicates a high resistance of the strains to P4. Observations made with electron microscopy showed an increase in the thickness of the fungal cell wall, which is a barrier to the penetration of white phosphorus. MALDI results revealed the biosynthesis of new protein enzymes that could potentially participate in the neutralization of white phosphorus. In addition, white phosphorus caused activation of the metabolism, accompanied by an increase in the number of mitochondria in the cells