The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission

We present 2241 exoplanet candidates identified with data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its 2 yr Prime Mission. We list these candidates in the TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Catalog, which includes both new planet candidates found by TESS and previously known planets recovered by TESS observations. We describe the process used to identify TOIs, investigate the characteristics of the new planet candidates, and discuss some notable TESS planet discoveries. The TOI catalog includes an unprecedented number of small planet candidates around nearby bright stars, which are well suited for detailed follow-up observations. The TESS data products for the Prime Mission (sectors 1-26), including the TOI catalog, light curves, full-frame images, and target pixel files, are publicly available at the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes

Settler colonialism and the making of the Lick Observatory, 1846-1919

Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, History Section, May, 2020Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-48).by Charlotte Minsky.S.B.S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, History Sectio

Studying the atmosphere of HD 189733 b using the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, May, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. "May 21 2019."Includes bibliographical references (pages 29-32).Transmission spectroscopy is a widely-used method for studying exoplanetary atmospheres. However, the differential data analysis techniques that are generally applied to high-resolution ground-based spectroscopic data are only sensitive to narrow spectral features and do not preserve broadband features. This makes them insensitive to the strong Rayleigh scattering slope of HD 189733 b that is due to possible atmospheric aerosols. The Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect provides a way to probe broadband spectral features because its amplitude varies as a function of wavelength according to the effective planet radius. Previously, radial velocity (RV) variations caused by the RM effect were interpreted as being a tentative detection (2.5[sigma]) of the broadband scattering slope of HD 189733 b. We developed a new method that directly models the distortions in spectral lines (rather than the resulting RV variation) and applied this method to the same archival HARPS data that was used in the previous tentative detection. Here we will present this method and the ongoing work necessarily to problem-solve and fully implement it.by Charlotte Minsky.S.B.S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science

"I feel it is not enough…" Health providers' perspectives on services for victims of intimate partner violence in Malaysia.

BACKGROUND: This study explores the views and attitudes of health providers in Malaysia towards intimate partner violence (IPV) and abused women and considers whether and how their views affect the provision or quality of services. The impact of provider attitudes on the provision of services for women experiencing violence is particularly important to understand since there is a need to ensure that these women are not re-victimised by the health sector, but are treated sensitively. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 54 health care providers responsible for providing services to survivors of IPV and working in health care facilities in two Northern States in Malaysia. A thematic framework analysis method was employed to analyse the emerging themes. Interviews were coded and managed by using NVIVO (N7), a qualitative software package. RESULTS: We found that when providers follow the traditional role of treating and solving IPV as "medical problem", they tend to focus on the physical aspect of the injury, minimise the underlying cause of the problem and ignore emotional care for patients. Providers frequently felt under-trained and poorly supported in their role to help women beyond merely treating their physical injuries. What emerged from the findings is that time shortages may well impact on the ability of medical officers to identify cases of abuse, with some saying that time limitations made it more difficult to detect the real problem behind the injury. However, data from the interviews seem to suggest that time constraints may or may not end up resulting in limited care, depending on the individual interest of medical professionals on violence issues. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting empathetic health care provision is challenging. More awareness training and sensitisation could help, especially if courses focus on women's needs and strengths and how health providers can validate these and contribute to a longer term process of change for victims of violence. Clear guidance on how to record history of abuse, ask questions sensitively and validate experiences is also important together with training on good communication skills such as listening and being empathetic